Alfarería temprana en sitios de cazadores-recolectores de la Región Pampeana (Argentina)

Abstract

Este trabajo revé el problema del surgimiento, adopción y cronología de la tecnología cerámica en las tierras bajas del Cono Sur sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos de la investigación del sitio arqueológico Zanjón Seco 2 (Región Pampeana, Argentina). Se resume la información cronológica, los aspectos estratigráficos y artefactuales del sitio, con especial énfasis en la interpretación y discusión de las implicaciones del hallazgo de tiestos cerámicos lisos e incisos en un contexto de cazadores recolectores fechado en ca. 3,000 años A.P.The late Holocene site of Zanjón Seco 2 (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) has recently been re-excavated, and new evidence related to the organization of lithic technology, exploitation of faunal remains, and pottery technology has been obtained. The most important information relies on two new radiocarbon dates with ages of ca. 3,000 B. P. These data were obtained from archaeological levels that contained pottery (both plain and incised), demonstrating its early presence in the Pampean Region. The importance of these results are twofold. On the one hand, considering the issue of the emergence and spread of pottery technology in the Southern Cone, the findings from Zanjón Seco 2 are as old as the early pottery of the Northwest of Argentina. On the other hand, through a comparison with other sites with an early record of pottery in the Pampean region it is suggested that the adoption and integration of such technological innovation in a hunter-gatherer society took place within a cultural context characterized by important changes in social complexity.