Estructuras de deformación en sedimento blando como indicadoras de actividad tectónica cuaternaria en el sector austral del valle de Lerma, Noroeste Argentino
; Montero Lopez, Maria Carolina
; Garcia, Victor Hugo
; Escalante, Leonardo Exequiel
; Carabanti, David ; Bracco Boksar, Roberto Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2022
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
El valle de Lerma, una cuenca intermontana de la Cordillera Oriental de Argentina, se ubica en una región sísmicamente activa y con numerosos registros de deformaciones cuaternarias. Si bien la mayoría de los sismos corticales registrados instrumentalmente en la región son de baja magnitud, en las últimas décadas se registraron varios sismos de Mw>5, destacándose el terremoto Mw 6,2 de 2010 con epicentro hacia O-NO del valle. No obstante, la mayor parte de las potenciales fuentes sismogénicas aún no han sido identificadas y caracterizadas. En el sur de la cuenca, afloran depósitos lacustres del Pleistoceno Superior que contienen estructuras de deformación en sedimento blando (SSDSpor sus siglas en inglés) cuyo origen podría estar relacionado a sacudidas de origen sísmico (sismitas). Las capas deformadas poseen una amplia distribución areal y continuidad lateral y se encuentran confinadas entre estratos no deformados. En el presente trabajo, se presentan nuevos datos de campo que permiten interpretar la génesis de las SSDS tales como: columnas estratigráficas de detalle, análisis de la susceptibilidad a la licuefacción de los sedimentos, y estudios geométricos de detalle de las SSDS. Considerando las características sedimentológicas del depósito, el contexto climático, el marco tectónico del área y la similitud con estructuras producidas por sismos recientes, se propone un desencadenante sísmico como responsable principal de las deformaciones observadas. Resaltamos la utilidad de este tipo de estructuras como indicadoras de actividad paleosísmica, principalmente para áreas en las que las expresiones morfoestructurales de la deformación son difusas (e.g. relacionadas a fallamiento ciego) y donde el ciclo sísmico se caracteriza por largos periodos de recurrencia y una sismicidad instrumental baja a moderada.
The Lerma valley is the easternmost intermontane basin of the Cordillera Oriental in the southern Central Andes of Argentina. This is a seismically active region subject to compressional tectonics. Although the instrumental record in the basin displays seismic activity characterized by small-magnitude earthquakes, an Mw=6.2 earthquake occurred in their 2010. Furthermore, several M>5 earthquakes struck the surroundings during the last centuries and the study area is within the region of influence. Despite of this, most of the potential seismogenic sources within the valley have not been identified and characterized yet. South of the basin, the presence of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in Upper Pleistocene lacustrine sediments have been recognized and hypothetically related to seismic activity. The areal extent of the SSDS is several kilometers and the strata containing these deformation structures are laterally continuous and characterized by the occurrence of undeformed beds below and above the deformed bed. In this contribution, we present new field data and morphological analysis of the SSDS, as well as detailed stratigraphic sections and analyses of susceptibility to liquefaction of the sediments involved. Considering the sedimentological characteristics, climatic context, geodynamic context, and the similarity between the studied structures with seismic-related SSDS, we propose paleo-earthquakes as the main trigger of the observed deformation. Finally, we highlight the use of this kind of structures as indicators of paleoseismic activity in intraplate regions with a lack of surface manifestations of deformation and with low to moderate seismicity and long recurrence intervals.
The Lerma valley is the easternmost intermontane basin of the Cordillera Oriental in the southern Central Andes of Argentina. This is a seismically active region subject to compressional tectonics. Although the instrumental record in the basin displays seismic activity characterized by small-magnitude earthquakes, an Mw=6.2 earthquake occurred in their 2010. Furthermore, several M>5 earthquakes struck the surroundings during the last centuries and the study area is within the region of influence. Despite of this, most of the potential seismogenic sources within the valley have not been identified and characterized yet. South of the basin, the presence of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in Upper Pleistocene lacustrine sediments have been recognized and hypothetically related to seismic activity. The areal extent of the SSDS is several kilometers and the strata containing these deformation structures are laterally continuous and characterized by the occurrence of undeformed beds below and above the deformed bed. In this contribution, we present new field data and morphological analysis of the SSDS, as well as detailed stratigraphic sections and analyses of susceptibility to liquefaction of the sediments involved. Considering the sedimentological characteristics, climatic context, geodynamic context, and the similarity between the studied structures with seismic-related SSDS, we propose paleo-earthquakes as the main trigger of the observed deformation. Finally, we highlight the use of this kind of structures as indicators of paleoseismic activity in intraplate regions with a lack of surface manifestations of deformation and with low to moderate seismicity and long recurrence intervals.
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