Repensando el imaginario colonial sobre los grupos indígenas del Chaco austral

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Fecha
12/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Humanidades
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1669-726X
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Español
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Resumen
Las representaciones tempranamente forjadas por los españoles sobre el espacio chaqueño –impenetrable, peligroso y desconocido– y sobre sus habitantes –guerreros ecuestres, cazadores recolectores y nómades– influyeron notablemente en el conocimiento de los grupos nativos y las políticas implementadas para intentar controlarlos. Mientras que la coyuntura histórica del siglo XVIII habilitaba un amplio abanico de formas de interacción entre indígenas e hispanocriollos, en donde los caciques podían elaborar estrategias únicas y originales; el imaginario colonial seguía sosteniendo en sus discursos modelos esquemáticos que reducían esa complejidad a unos pocos pares de opuestos: nómades/sedentarios; amigos/no amigos, reducidos/no reducidos. En este trabajo nos proponemos reflexionar sobre ese desfasaje entre las relaciones sociales e interétnicas entabladas por los nativos y las formas de conocer y aprehender al “otro” indígena durante la colonia. Asimismo, señalamos las dificultades analíticas que conlleva seguir pensando en los sujetos indígenas como miembros de grupos homogéneos y definidos por rasgos preconcebidos.
Early representations that Spaniards forged over the Chaco region spaces - impenetrable, dangerous and unknown- and their inhabitants -equestrian warriors, nomadic and hunter-gatherers- have greatly influenced the knowledge regarding native groups and the policies implemented to attempt their control. While the historical context of the eighteenth century allowed a wide range of interactions between indigenous and Hispanic-Creole people, amongst whom the Cacique could elaborate unique and original strategies; colonial imaginary continued to sustain in its discourses schematic models which reduced that complexity to a few opposite pairs: nomadic/sedentary; friends/not friends, reduced/not reduced. In this work, we propose to reflect upon this contradiction between the social and interethnic relations pursued by the natives and the ways of knowing and apprehending the indigenous "other" during colonial times. Likewise, we point to the analytical difficulties that convey a line of thought which considers the Indigenous Peoples members of homogeneous groups defined by preconceived features.
Early representations that Spaniards forged over the Chaco region spaces - impenetrable, dangerous and unknown- and their inhabitants -equestrian warriors, nomadic and hunter-gatherers- have greatly influenced the knowledge regarding native groups and the policies implemented to attempt their control. While the historical context of the eighteenth century allowed a wide range of interactions between indigenous and Hispanic-Creole people, amongst whom the Cacique could elaborate unique and original strategies; colonial imaginary continued to sustain in its discourses schematic models which reduced that complexity to a few opposite pairs: nomadic/sedentary; friends/not friends, reduced/not reduced. In this work, we propose to reflect upon this contradiction between the social and interethnic relations pursued by the natives and the ways of knowing and apprehending the indigenous "other" during colonial times. Likewise, we point to the analytical difficulties that convey a line of thought which considers the Indigenous Peoples members of homogeneous groups defined by preconceived features.
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