Desde el laboratorio neo-desarrollista a la resurgencia neoliberal. Una revisión creativa del "doble movimiento" polanyiano en América Latina

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Fecha
08/2016
Editorial
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales
Revista
Revista Estado y Políticas Públicas
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2310-550X
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Español
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Resumen
¿Cuáles han sido los factores que han jaqueado las reacciones neo-desarrollistas que tuvieron lugar en América Latina a inicios del siglo y cuestionado su carácter de alternativas posneoliberales? ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos del resurgimiento de las experiencias neoliberales? ¿Cuáles son los desafíos para el desarrollo de estrategias efectivamente alternativas al neoliberalismo? Este trabajo procura dar respuesta a esos interrogantes a partir de re-explorar críticamente el concepto polanyiano de doble movimiento, y recuperar innovadoramente sus tres categorías centrales de integración social: intercambio, redistribución y reciprocidad. A través de ello se analizan los límites de esas reacciones en la constitución de un “proyecto estatal”, capaz de alterar el patrón de acumulación y alternativizar las formas de mercantilización que persigue neoliberalismo y los actores e intereses globales comprometidos en su constitución y expansión. En el marco de esos límites y sus efectos, gana plausibilidad la reemergencia en la región de las formas más crudas de neo-liberalización.
Which were the factors that have undermined the Latin American neo-developmentalist reactions at the beginning of the century, questioning his character of post-neoliberal alternatives? Which are the bases of the resurgence of neoliberal experiences? Which are the challenges for the development of effective alternatives to neoliberalism strategies? This paper attempts to answer these questions from a critically re-exploration of Polanyi´s double movement, recovering in an innovative way its three core categories of social integration: exchange, redistribution and reciprocity. Throughout, the limits of these reactions in the configuration of a “state project”, which is supposed to alter the pattern of accumulation and to offer alternate forms of commodification to neoliberalism (and to the actors and global interests involved in its creation and expansion) are analyzed. The paper suggests that in the framework of those limits and their effects, the reemergence of the crudest forms of neo-liberalization in the region gains plausibility.
Which were the factors that have undermined the Latin American neo-developmentalist reactions at the beginning of the century, questioning his character of post-neoliberal alternatives? Which are the bases of the resurgence of neoliberal experiences? Which are the challenges for the development of effective alternatives to neoliberalism strategies? This paper attempts to answer these questions from a critically re-exploration of Polanyi´s double movement, recovering in an innovative way its three core categories of social integration: exchange, redistribution and reciprocity. Throughout, the limits of these reactions in the configuration of a “state project”, which is supposed to alter the pattern of accumulation and to offer alternate forms of commodification to neoliberalism (and to the actors and global interests involved in its creation and expansion) are analyzed. The paper suggests that in the framework of those limits and their effects, the reemergence of the crudest forms of neo-liberalization in the region gains plausibility.
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