Aproximación al origen étnico y movilidad social intergeneracional en Argentina

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Fecha
02/2014
Editorial
Sapiens Research
Revista
Boletín Científico Sapiens Research
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eISSN
2215-9312
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Español
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Resumen
El artículo plantea una aproximación empírica al estudio de la persistencia de factores adscriptos en la estratificación social de Argentina. En particular, se analizan tasas absolutas y relativas de movilidad social intergeneracional según autoidentificación de raza y color de piel, utilizadas como variables proxy de origen étnico. Se utilizan datos de una encuesta a nivel nacional de diseño probabilístico relevada por el CEDOP-UBA en 2005. Para comparar el peso relativo de distintas variables en los procesos de movilidad social, se aplicó una regresión logística multiva-riada secuencial. El análisis muestra que la clase social de origen es la variable adscripta más importante que da cuenta de la desigualdad de oportunidades de ascenso social. Sin embargo, la autopercepción étnica mostró un efecto significativo que controla por origen de clase y cohorte de nacimiento. La población blanca-europea tuvo mayores chances relativas de ascender socialmente que la población mestiza con aporte indígena. Las pautas observadas brindan cierto apoyo a la hipótesis de la existencia de mecanismos de cierre social basados en el prejuicio étnico.
The article presents an empirical approach to the study of the persi s- tence of ascribed factors related to somatic features as criteria of social stratification in Argentina. Specifically, absolute and relative rates of i n- tergenerational social mobility are analyzed by self - perception of race and skin color, used as proxy variables for ethnicity. Data come from a national survey of probabilistic design relieved by CEDOP - UBA in 2005. A sequential multivariate logistic regression has been applied to co m- pare the relative importance of different variables in the processes of s o cial mobility. The analysis shows that the class of origin is the ascribed most important variable that accounts for unequal opportunities for upward social mobility, however, ethnic self - perception h as a significant effect controlling for class origins and birth cohort. The White - Europ e- an population has had higher relative chances of upward mobility than Mestizo - with indigenous ascendance - population. The patterns o b- served provide some support to t he hypothesis of the existence of mechanisms of social closure based on ethnic prejudice
The article presents an empirical approach to the study of the persi s- tence of ascribed factors related to somatic features as criteria of social stratification in Argentina. Specifically, absolute and relative rates of i n- tergenerational social mobility are analyzed by self - perception of race and skin color, used as proxy variables for ethnicity. Data come from a national survey of probabilistic design relieved by CEDOP - UBA in 2005. A sequential multivariate logistic regression has been applied to co m- pare the relative importance of different variables in the processes of s o cial mobility. The analysis shows that the class of origin is the ascribed most important variable that accounts for unequal opportunities for upward social mobility, however, ethnic self - perception h as a significant effect controlling for class origins and birth cohort. The White - Europ e- an population has had higher relative chances of upward mobility than Mestizo - with indigenous ascendance - population. The patterns o b- served provide some support to t he hypothesis of the existence of mechanisms of social closure based on ethnic prejudice
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