Museomics and new topotypes resolve the taxonomy and nomenclature of a widespread Patagonian Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae)
; Lacey, Eileen Anne ; Tripaldi, Ariadna ; Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J. 
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2025-12-14
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Alliance Communications Group Division Allen Press
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Journal of Mammalogy
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0022-2372
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Resumen
Los especímenes históricos son fundamentales para evaluar la sistemática y resolver problemas nomenclaturales en vertebrados con historias taxonómicas complejas. Entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la taxonomía alfa del caviomorfo subterráneo Ctenomys floreció gracias a extensas colecciones realizadas en el sur de Sudamérica impulsadas por el renombrado mastozoólogo Oldfield Thomas. Ctenomys haigi y C. haigi lentulus fueron descritos por Thomas en 1919 para el noroeste de la Patagonia, siendo lentulus considerado posteriormente indistinguible de haigi típico. Estudios filogenéticos basados en el gen citocromo b revelaron posteriormente que C. haigi es parafilético, con la única secuencia topotípica disponible ubicada fuera del clado formado por otras secuencias supuestamente conespecíficas. Estos resultados preliminares favorecieron la propuesta de lentulus como una especie distinta, hipótesis que se aborda aquí mediante análisis morfológicos y moleculares de ejemplares de museo, así como mediante el examen de nuevos topotipos y material adicional de ambas formas nominales. Se registraron dos especies en El Maitén—la localidad tipo de C. haigi—aparentemente delimitadas por el Río Chubut. Las poblaciones al noreste del río se agrupan con topotipos de lentulus, mientras que los ejemplares al suroeste de este río forman un clado distinto que incluye material tipo histórico de C. haigi. Se proporcionan caracterizaciones enmendadas, incluyendo diagnosis, localidades tipo y rangos geográficos para lentulus y haigi.
Historical specimens are critical for assessing systematics and fixing nomenclatural issues in vertebrates characterized by complex taxonomic histories. Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the alpha taxonomy of the subterranean caviomorph Ctenomys flourished thanks to extensive collections conducted in southern South America and fueled by the renowned mammalogist Oldfield Thomas. Ctenomys haigi and C. haigi lentulus were described by Thomas in 1919 for northwestern Patagonia, with lentulus later considered indistinguishable from typical haigi. Phylogenetic studies based on the cytochrome b gene subsequently revealed C. haigi as paraphyletic, with the only available topotypic sequence falling outside the clade formed by other supposedly conspecific sequences. These preliminary results favored the proposal of lentulus as a distinct species, a hypothesis that is addressed here through morphological and molecular analyses of museum specimens as well as examination of new topotypes and additional material for both nominal forms. Two species are recorded at El Maitén—the type locality of C. haigi—seemingly delimited by the Río Chubut. Populations northeast of the river group with topotypes of lentulus, while specimens southwest of this river form a distinct clade including historical type material for C. haigi. Amended characterizations, including diagnoses, type localities, and geographic ranges are provided for both lentulus and haigi.
Historical specimens are critical for assessing systematics and fixing nomenclatural issues in vertebrates characterized by complex taxonomic histories. Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the alpha taxonomy of the subterranean caviomorph Ctenomys flourished thanks to extensive collections conducted in southern South America and fueled by the renowned mammalogist Oldfield Thomas. Ctenomys haigi and C. haigi lentulus were described by Thomas in 1919 for northwestern Patagonia, with lentulus later considered indistinguishable from typical haigi. Phylogenetic studies based on the cytochrome b gene subsequently revealed C. haigi as paraphyletic, with the only available topotypic sequence falling outside the clade formed by other supposedly conspecific sequences. These preliminary results favored the proposal of lentulus as a distinct species, a hypothesis that is addressed here through morphological and molecular analyses of museum specimens as well as examination of new topotypes and additional material for both nominal forms. Two species are recorded at El Maitén—the type locality of C. haigi—seemingly delimited by the Río Chubut. Populations northeast of the river group with topotypes of lentulus, while specimens southwest of this river form a distinct clade including historical type material for C. haigi. Amended characterizations, including diagnoses, type localities, and geographic ranges are provided for both lentulus and haigi.
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