La dimensión argumentativa en la entrevista de campo: el espacio biográfico como topo fundamental: Estudio de caso

Otros responsables
Fecha
04/2012
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Revista
RILL Nueva Época
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2250-6799
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar la dimensión argumentativa presente en la entrevista de campo a partir de un estudio de caso. La entrevista recupera las experiencias de estudiantes beneficiados con becas económicas que posibilitan la permanencia en el nivel educativo superior universitario y la obtención del título percibido como un medio legítimo de ascenso social. Lo argumentativo se construye, fundamentalmente, como un topo biográfico que certifica la posición y la identidad del sujeto entrevistado por medio de la narración de la propia vida. Tomaremos dos entrevistas como ejemplos representativos de un universo mayor. Para el análisis de los argumentos, que concretizan el topo biográfico, utilizaremos como categorías centrales las nociones de “contradicción, problematización, roles argumentativos, actantes y actores, tipos de argumentos” propuestas por Plantin (2004) como dispositivos básicos de la dimensión argumentativa, junto al concepto de “ley de paso” de Toulmin (1958). Podemos advertir que las entrevistas construyen el espacio de lo social a través de la narración de la experiencia individual. El relato de los entrevistados presenta como estructura básica tres momentos característicos: “desventaja, esfuerzo y recompensa”.
The aim of the following paper is to deal with the argumentative dimension, which is introduced in the field interview of a case study. The interviews collect the experiences of students who have economic benefits (scholarships) that make possible their continuance in the university superior level, and thus the obtaining of the degree as a legal mean of social mobility. The argumentative dimension is built, mainly, as a biography that certifies the position and the identity of the individual interviewed, who tells about his or her own life. We are going to take two interviews as examples that represent a major group. We will also take into account as central categories the notions of “contradiction, approaching, argumentative roles, actors, and types of story lines” to make an analysis that builds the biography. These concepts were proposed by Plantin (2004) as the basic elements of the argumentative dimension. We are also going to bear in mind the concept of the “passing law” posed by Toulmin (1958). These interviews build the social space through the narration of the individual experience. The accounts of the people interviewed present three typical moments which are introduced as the basic structure: “disadvantage, effort and reward”.
The aim of the following paper is to deal with the argumentative dimension, which is introduced in the field interview of a case study. The interviews collect the experiences of students who have economic benefits (scholarships) that make possible their continuance in the university superior level, and thus the obtaining of the degree as a legal mean of social mobility. The argumentative dimension is built, mainly, as a biography that certifies the position and the identity of the individual interviewed, who tells about his or her own life. We are going to take two interviews as examples that represent a major group. We will also take into account as central categories the notions of “contradiction, approaching, argumentative roles, actors, and types of story lines” to make an analysis that builds the biography. These concepts were proposed by Plantin (2004) as the basic elements of the argumentative dimension. We are also going to bear in mind the concept of the “passing law” posed by Toulmin (1958). These interviews build the social space through the narration of the individual experience. The accounts of the people interviewed present three typical moments which are introduced as the basic structure: “disadvantage, effort and reward”.
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