El sistema de salud como determinante de la mortalidad infantil en Argentina: un análisis de 2018
; Rojas Cabrera, Eleonora Soledad
; Heredia Mamani, Lina Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Dirección General de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas
Revista
Revista investigaciones y estudios - UNA
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ISSN
2070-0415
eISSN
2709-0817
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Español
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Resumen
Se ha evidenciado en Argentina la existencia de desigualdades en salud en los primeros años de vida, en detrimento de los estratos más pobres del país. Sin embargo, se considera que la atención sanitaria en el país es independiente del recurso económico, por lo que se infiere la influencia de otros factores, específicamente vinculados al sistema de salud. Para estudiar esos factores, se analizó la relación entre la mortalidad de niños menores de 5 años y el sistema de atención de salud del país, a través de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, buscando vinculación entre la mortalidad en la niñez, la mortalidad infantil y sus componentes, con indicadores que cubran cuatro dimensiones del sistema de salud. Los resultados mostraron una asociación significativa entre la mortalidad de la niñez, infantil, neonatal y postneonatal con factores como la razón de egresos hospitalarios, la cantidad de enfermeros por habitante, la razón de consultas médicas ambulatorias, la distancia a los hospitales, el porcentaje de población con cobertura de salud, y el porcentaje de personas que, habiendo tenido un problema de salud, no visitaron a un médico. Se concluyó que la mortalidad en los primeros años de vida en Argentina está influenciada por las características del sistema de atención de salud, por lo que es necesario reevaluar la organización de sus niveles de complejidad en la atención a los pacientes.
Health inequalities in the first years of life have been visible in Argentina, which has been detrimental to the poorest strata of the country. However, it is considered that health care in the country is independent of economic resources, so the influence of other factors specifically linked to the health system is inferred. In order to study these factors, the relationship between the mortality of children under 5 years of age and the country's health care system was analyzed through multiple linear regression models, looking for a link between childhood mortality, infant mortality, and their components, with indicators that cover four dimensions of the health system. The results showed a significant association between childhood, infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality with factors such as the ratio of hospital discharges, the number of nurses per inhabitant, the ratio of outpatient medical visits, the distance to hospitals, the percentage of population with health coverage, and the percentage of people who, having a health problem, did not visit a physician. It was concluded that mortality in the first years of life in Argentina is influenced by the characteristics of the health care system, and it is necessary to reassess the organization of its levels of complexity in patient care.
Health inequalities in the first years of life have been visible in Argentina, which has been detrimental to the poorest strata of the country. However, it is considered that health care in the country is independent of economic resources, so the influence of other factors specifically linked to the health system is inferred. In order to study these factors, the relationship between the mortality of children under 5 years of age and the country's health care system was analyzed through multiple linear regression models, looking for a link between childhood mortality, infant mortality, and their components, with indicators that cover four dimensions of the health system. The results showed a significant association between childhood, infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality with factors such as the ratio of hospital discharges, the number of nurses per inhabitant, the ratio of outpatient medical visits, the distance to hospitals, the percentage of population with health coverage, and the percentage of people who, having a health problem, did not visit a physician. It was concluded that mortality in the first years of life in Argentina is influenced by the characteristics of the health care system, and it is necessary to reassess the organization of its levels of complexity in patient care.
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