El género gramatical en español: Variaciones diatópicas en español rioplatense y peninsular

Otros responsables
Fecha
11/2025
Editorial
Septentrio Academic Publishing
Revista
Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1893-3211
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Clasificación temática
Resumen
El género gramatical en español ha sido una categoría ampliamente discutida desde distintos enfoques y, aunque existe cierto consenso, persisten debates lingüísticos al respecto que aún no están saldados. En este artículo revisamos sus principales rasgos (las nociones de arbitrariedad, marcación lingüística, su carácter flexivo o derivativo y las distintas clasificaciones propuestas para el español) para luego analizar algunas diferencias diatópicas entre el español rioplatense y el peninsular. Aunque el español suele describirse como un sistema estable y homogéneo, la bibliografía revisada y los ejemplos analizados revelan ciertas diferencias entre ambas variedades. A partir de un corpus de prensa actual, examinamos la variación en sustantivos animados, con especial atención a los nombres de rol que refieren a personas. Los resultados muestran que la regularización morfológica presenta patrones distintivos en ambas variedades diatópicas: mientras que en español peninsular pareciera manifestarse como un fenómeno de variación sincrónica, en español rioplatense parecería estar más consolidada. A su vez, estas diferencias no parecieran depender de criterios morfológicos, sino estar influidas por factores socioculturales. Además, analizamos el uso del lenguaje inclusivo de género en ambas variedades y encontramos que, mientras en el español rioplatense están más extendidas las formas no binarias, en el peninsular predomina el uso de estrategias binarias. El análisis comparativo entre ambas variedades de español subraya la relevancia de incorporar la diversidad diatópica en el estudio del género gramatical para poder dar cuenta del amplio abanico de matices incluidos en este fenómeno.
Grammatical gender in Spanish has been widely discussed from different perspectives and, although there is some consensus, linguistic debates on the matter remain unresolved. This article reviews its main features (the notions of arbitrariness, gender marking, its inflectional or derivational nature and the various classifications proposed for Spanish) before analyzing some diatopic differences between Rioplatense Spanish and Peninsular Spanish. Although Spanish is often described as a stable and homogeneous system, the revised literature and the analyzed examples reveal certain differences between these varieties. Based on a contemporary press corpus, we examine variation in animate nouns, with special attention to role nouns referring to people. The results show that morphological regularization displays distinctive patterns in the two varieties: while in Peninsular Spanish it appears as a phenomenon of synchronic variation, in Rioplatense Spanish it appears more consolidated. Furthermore, these differences do not seem to depend on morphological criteria, but appear to be influenced by sociocultural factors. We also analyze the use of gender-inclusive language in both varieties and find that, while non-binary forms are more widespread in Rioplatense Spanish, the use of binary strategies predominates in Peninsular Spanish. The comparative analysis of these two Spanish varieties underscores the importance of incorporating diatopic diversity into the study of grammatical gender in order to account for the wide range of nuances encompassed by this phenomenon.
Grammatical gender in Spanish has been widely discussed from different perspectives and, although there is some consensus, linguistic debates on the matter remain unresolved. This article reviews its main features (the notions of arbitrariness, gender marking, its inflectional or derivational nature and the various classifications proposed for Spanish) before analyzing some diatopic differences between Rioplatense Spanish and Peninsular Spanish. Although Spanish is often described as a stable and homogeneous system, the revised literature and the analyzed examples reveal certain differences between these varieties. Based on a contemporary press corpus, we examine variation in animate nouns, with special attention to role nouns referring to people. The results show that morphological regularization displays distinctive patterns in the two varieties: while in Peninsular Spanish it appears as a phenomenon of synchronic variation, in Rioplatense Spanish it appears more consolidated. Furthermore, these differences do not seem to depend on morphological criteria, but appear to be influenced by sociocultural factors. We also analyze the use of gender-inclusive language in both varieties and find that, while non-binary forms are more widespread in Rioplatense Spanish, the use of binary strategies predominates in Peninsular Spanish. The comparative analysis of these two Spanish varieties underscores the importance of incorporating diatopic diversity into the study of grammatical gender in order to account for the wide range of nuances encompassed by this phenomenon.
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