Coexistencia de tres modalidades de entierro humanas durante el Holoceno tardío en la costa norte de Santa Cruz: el caso de los entierros El Zanjón 3, Shag y El Amanecer

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Fecha
10/2019
Editorial
Centro de Estudios Históricos Prof. Carlos S. A. Segreti
Revista
Comechingonia
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ISSN
0326-7911
eISSN
2250-7728
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Español
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Resumen
En este trabajo se analizan tres entierros humanos procedentes de la costa norte de Santa Cruz, los cuales presentan edades radiocarbónicas similares. Los contextos arqueológicos, denominados El Zanjón 3 (2850 ± 60 años AP), Shag (2670 ± 70 años AP) y El Amanecer (2890 ± 60 años AP) presentan distintas modalidades de entierro; en fosa, en anillo y en médano, respectivamente. Se plantea la pregunta de si los tres tipos de entierro podrían representar una multiplicidad de tratamientos mortuorios llevados a cabo por un mismo grupo socio-cultural en esta franja de costa, o si por lo contrario, los mismos podrían pertenecer a distintos grupos humanos. Se desarrollan distintas vías analíticas tendientes a reconocer diferencias y similitudes entre los contextos mortuorios a fin de generar información que permita realizar una aproximación al problema. Se caracterizaron los tres entierros; se calibraron las dataciones radiocarbónicas y se realizó una suma de probabilidades; además se efectuaron determinaciones bioarqueológicas y se establecieron las tendencias paleodietarias inferidas a partir del análisis de isótopos estables de carbono, nitrógeno (δ13C y δ15N, colágeno y apatita) y oxígeno (δ18O). Finalmente, se presenta nueva información que permite profundizar acerca de la variabilidad mortuoria de las poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras que habitaron en Patagonia.
In this paper we analyze three human burials from the northern coast of Santa Cruz, which have similar radiocarbon ages. The archaeological contexts, called El Zanjón 3 (2850 ± 60 years BP), Shag (2670 ± 70 years BP) and El Amanecer (2890 ± 60 years BP), show different burial modalities; in pit, ring and dune, respectively. It arises as a question whether the three types of burial could represent a multiplicity of mortuary treatments carried out by the same socio-cultural group in this coastal strip, or if, on the contrary, they could belong to different human groups. Different analytical approximations are developed to recognize differences and similarities between the mortuary contexts in order to generate information that allows an approximation to this problem. The three burials were characterized; the dates were calibrated and a sum of probabilities was made; in addition bioarchaeological determinations were performed; paleodietary trends from the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen (δ 13C and δ 15N, collagen and apatite) and oxygen (δ 18O) were inferred. Finally, new information that allows us to delve about the mortuary variability of hunter-gatherer populations that inhabited Patagonia is presented.
In this paper we analyze three human burials from the northern coast of Santa Cruz, which have similar radiocarbon ages. The archaeological contexts, called El Zanjón 3 (2850 ± 60 years BP), Shag (2670 ± 70 years BP) and El Amanecer (2890 ± 60 years BP), show different burial modalities; in pit, ring and dune, respectively. It arises as a question whether the three types of burial could represent a multiplicity of mortuary treatments carried out by the same socio-cultural group in this coastal strip, or if, on the contrary, they could belong to different human groups. Different analytical approximations are developed to recognize differences and similarities between the mortuary contexts in order to generate information that allows an approximation to this problem. The three burials were characterized; the dates were calibrated and a sum of probabilities was made; in addition bioarchaeological determinations were performed; paleodietary trends from the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen (δ 13C and δ 15N, collagen and apatite) and oxygen (δ 18O) were inferred. Finally, new information that allows us to delve about the mortuary variability of hunter-gatherer populations that inhabited Patagonia is presented.
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