Variabilidad espacio-temporal de la isla de calor superficial en tres ciudades argentinas
; Camilloni, Ines Angela 
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Fecha
06/2022
Editorial
Centro Argentino de Meteorólogos
Revista
Meteorológica
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0325-187X
eISSN
1850-468X
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En este trabajo se analiza la evolución espacio-temporal de la Isla de Calor Urbana Superficial (ICU-S) derivada del contraste entre las temperaturas de superficie urbanas y rurales de Buenos Aires, Rosario y Córdoba, las tres ciudades más grandes de Argentina en términos de población. La información analizada corresponde a datos de 1 km x 1 km de resolución derivados de información satelital disponibles a través del Global Surface UHI Explorer para el período 2003-2017. En las tres ciudades se encuentra que, en promedio, la temperatura de la superficie urbana es superior a la rural (IUC-S positiva) durante la noche tanto en la media anual como en verano e invierno. El mayor contraste se registra en Buenos Aires donde alcanza el máximo de +2°C durante el verano y el mínimo en invierno (+1.5°C). En el caso de Rosario y Córdoba la diferencia en la magnitud entre el verano e invierno es de sólo 0.1°C. El área de cada ciudad que registra temperaturas de superficie superiores a la de las zonas rurales durante la noche representa en promedio el 93% del total para Buenos Aires, 97% para Rosario y 89% para Córdoba. Durante el día, se encuentra que en algunos casos la intensidad es negativa generando el efecto de isla fría. Esto ocurre en invierno en las tres ciudades y en el promedio anual de Rosario y Córdoba. En Buenos Aires, donde reside más del 30% de la población del país, existe una tendencia significativa al incremento en la magnitud media y máxima de la ICU-S diurna. La comparación entre la ICU-S y la ICU de canopia (derivada de datos de temperatura del aire) de Buenos Aires muestra valores positivos durante las horas de la noche en ambos casos, aunque de mayor magnitud en ICU-S en el promedio anual (+0.3°C) y durante el verano (+0.6°C) así como una tendencia hacia el incremento en la magnitud de ambos fenómenos durante las horas diurnas.
This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) computed as the difference of urban and rural land surface temperatures for the three major cities of Argentina: Buenos Aires, Rosario, and Cordoba. Satellite-based data of 1 km x 1 km resolution available through the Global Surface UHI Explorer were used to estimate mean and maximum values, trends and percentage of each urban area with positive/negative intensities of SUHI for the period 2003-2017. Results indicate that, on average the nocturnal urban surface temperature is higher than the rural one (positive SUHI) for the annual, winter and summer mean for the three cities. The greatest contrast corresponds to Buenos Aires, where the maximum SUHI magnitude is +2◦C in summer and the minimum is +1,5◦C in winter. Both Rosario and Cordoba exhibit a difference in magnitude between summer and winter of only 0,1◦C. The percentage of the area of each city with nocturnal surface temperatures greater than the rural ones is on average, 93 % for Buenos Aires, 97 % for Rosario and 89 % for Cordoba. During daytime, in some cases the SUHI intensity is negative generating a cold island. This effect is observed in the three cities during the cold season and in Rosario and Cordoba for the annual mean. In Buenos Aires, that hosts more than 30 % of the total population of the country, there is a significant positive trend in the daytime mean and maximum SUHI intensity. The comparison between the Buenos Aires’ SUHI and canopy UHI (derived from standard air temperature measurements) shows positive intensities during night-time in both cases, although the mean annual and summer SUHI are warmer than the UHI in +0,3◦C and +0,6◦C, respectively. Additionally, there is a trend towards warmer daytime intensities of both types of heat islands.
This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) computed as the difference of urban and rural land surface temperatures for the three major cities of Argentina: Buenos Aires, Rosario, and Cordoba. Satellite-based data of 1 km x 1 km resolution available through the Global Surface UHI Explorer were used to estimate mean and maximum values, trends and percentage of each urban area with positive/negative intensities of SUHI for the period 2003-2017. Results indicate that, on average the nocturnal urban surface temperature is higher than the rural one (positive SUHI) for the annual, winter and summer mean for the three cities. The greatest contrast corresponds to Buenos Aires, where the maximum SUHI magnitude is +2◦C in summer and the minimum is +1,5◦C in winter. Both Rosario and Cordoba exhibit a difference in magnitude between summer and winter of only 0,1◦C. The percentage of the area of each city with nocturnal surface temperatures greater than the rural ones is on average, 93 % for Buenos Aires, 97 % for Rosario and 89 % for Cordoba. During daytime, in some cases the SUHI intensity is negative generating a cold island. This effect is observed in the three cities during the cold season and in Rosario and Cordoba for the annual mean. In Buenos Aires, that hosts more than 30 % of the total population of the country, there is a significant positive trend in the daytime mean and maximum SUHI intensity. The comparison between the Buenos Aires’ SUHI and canopy UHI (derived from standard air temperature measurements) shows positive intensities during night-time in both cases, although the mean annual and summer SUHI are warmer than the UHI in +0,3◦C and +0,6◦C, respectively. Additionally, there is a trend towards warmer daytime intensities of both types of heat islands.
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