Archaeometric Analyses of Red‐Colored Staining on Archaeological Bones From Late Holocene, Southern Pampas, Argentina

Abstract

The alteration of archaeological bone color can be produced by environmental factors and by anthropic action. Red-coloredstaining of animal remains from the late Holocene Arroyo Napostá Grande B2BN archaeological site (Argentina) is analyzed.The results of FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, and electronic microscopy SEM–EDXanalysis are concordant in revealing the presence of hematite (Fe2O3) and goethite (FeO (OH)) on the red sectors of the bone.Equifinality of the natural and cultural origin is discussed considering the presence of Fe2O3 in the strata and the use of hematiteas pigment by regional hunter-gatherers.