Estudiantes de la secundaria para jóvenes y adultos en Argentina: Transformaciones en su posición en la estructura social a lo largo de las décadas (1970-2018)

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Fecha
01/2025
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Fundación Difusión Científica
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Revista Latinoamericana de Difusión Científica
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2711-0494
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El artículo se propone reconocer la existencia de transformaciones en la posición de la población destinataria de la secundaria para jóvenes y adultos en la estructura social argentina entre las décadas de 1970 y 2010. Se trata de una modalidad educativa cuya población destinataria ha sido caracterizada de manera un tanto ambigua como parte de los “sectores populares”. Sin embargo, los estudios especializados en la década del setenta suelen coincidir en una serie de elementos que permitirían identificarlos como parte de la clase trabajadora (ya que en gran medida se trataba de obreros), mientras que los estudios enfocados en tiempos más recientes se refieren a ellos a partir de una serie de cuestiones que son propias de la sobrepoblación relativa (como la desocupación, el empleo precario y la pobreza). Esto invita a la pregunta por si han existido cambios en la posición de estos sujetos en la estructura social argentina a lo largo de las décadas. Partiendo de esa pregunta, el artículo aborda desde una perspectiva cualitativa la normativa que ha regulado a estas ofertas en la provincia de Buenos Aires, con el fin de detectar en sus modelos institucionales indicios que permitan ver esa posible transformación. La conclusión a la que se arriba es que en dichas fuentes es posible advertir una transición de un estudiantado definido como trabajador a otro que tiene características propias de la superpoblación relativa.
The article aims to recognize the existence of transformations in the position of the target population of secondary education for youths and adults in the Argentine social structure between the decades of 1970 and 2010. It is an educational modality whose target population has been characterized somewhat ambiguously as part of the “popular sectors”. However, studies specializing in the seventies tend to agree on a series of elements that would allow them to be identified as part of the working class (since they were largely workers), while studies focused on more recent times refer to them from a series of issues that are typical of relative surplus population (such as unemployment, precarious employment and poverty). This raises the question of whether there have been changes in the position of these subjects in the Argentine social structure over the decades. Starting from this question, the article addresses from a qualitative perspective the regulations that have governed these offers in the province of Buenos Aires, in order to detect in its institutional models signs that allow us to see this possible transformation. The conclusion reached is that in these sources it is possible to observe a transition from a student body defined as a worker to one that has characteristics of relative surplus population.
The article aims to recognize the existence of transformations in the position of the target population of secondary education for youths and adults in the Argentine social structure between the decades of 1970 and 2010. It is an educational modality whose target population has been characterized somewhat ambiguously as part of the “popular sectors”. However, studies specializing in the seventies tend to agree on a series of elements that would allow them to be identified as part of the working class (since they were largely workers), while studies focused on more recent times refer to them from a series of issues that are typical of relative surplus population (such as unemployment, precarious employment and poverty). This raises the question of whether there have been changes in the position of these subjects in the Argentine social structure over the decades. Starting from this question, the article addresses from a qualitative perspective the regulations that have governed these offers in the province of Buenos Aires, in order to detect in its institutional models signs that allow us to see this possible transformation. The conclusion reached is that in these sources it is possible to observe a transition from a student body defined as a worker to one that has characteristics of relative surplus population.
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