Género y acción humanitaria en Centroamérica: una lectura crítica desde los feminismos del Sur
; Loza, Jorgelina Mariana
; García Perazzo, María Laura Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2026
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Revista
Relaciones Internacionales
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1018-0583
eISSN
2215-4582
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Este artículo se propone analizar críticamente los marcos conceptuales y perspectiva de género que estructuran la acción humanitaria en el presente, desde un enfoque feminista del Sur. A partir de una revisión teórica y conceptual, se problematizan las lógicas hegemónicas que históricamente han definido la acción humanitaria desde una mirada universalista, tecnocrática y despolitizada, y que tienden a reproducir relaciones asimétricas entre los países emisores de asistencia —generalmente del Norte Global— y los territorios receptores —del Sur Global—. Como marco conceptual alternativo, se recuperan los aportes de los feminismos del Sur en tanto tensionan lógicas hegemónicas y proponen formas alternativas de comprender y ejercer la solidaridad en contextos de crisis.El artículo se basa en una estrategia metodológica cualitativa que combina análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas a referentes de organizaciones sociales y organismos internacionales que actúan en el campo humanitario en Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica y Panamá. A partir de ese corpus empírico, el trabajo busca comprender cómo se incorporan —o se disputan— las nociones de género, cuidado, derechos y autonomía en el diseño e implementación de las respuestas humanitarias en contextos de emergencia prolongada, violencia estructural y disputas territoriales.Sostenemos que la consolidación de una perspectiva de género en la acción humanitaria no debe limitarse a la inclusión de mujeres en los programas de asistencia, ya que requiere articularse con una crítica interseccional y descolonial que pone en el centro las relaciones de poder globales, las trayectorias históricas de opresión y los saberes colectivos construidos desde los márgenes. Lejos de presentar un modelo cerrado de intervención, este artículo invita a una reflexión situada sobre las condiciones éticas y políticas necesarias para avanzar hacia una acción humanitaria transformadora, que no reproduzca jerarquías coloniales ni simplificaciones culturales, y que sea capaz de dialogar con las formas locales de organización, autonomía y soberanía. Así, se propone contribuir a la construcción de un marco teórico-crítico que enriquezca el debate sobre la acción humanitaria desde los feminismos del Sur y potencie el rol de los actores comunitarios y organismos internacionales en la producción de respuestas integrales y emancipadoras.
This article critically analyzes the conceptual frameworks and gender perspective that structure humanitarian action today, from a Southern feminist approach. Through a theoretical and conceptual review, it problematizes the hegemonic logics that have historically defined humanitarian action from a universalist, technocratic, and depoliticized viewpoint, tending to reproduce asymmetrical relationships between aid-sending countries—generally from the Global North—and recipient territories—from the Global South. As an alternative conceptual framework, it incorporates the contributions of Southern feminisms, which challenge hegemonic logics and propose alternative ways of understanding and practicing solidarity in crisis contexts. This article draws on a qualitative methodological strategy combining documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with representatives of social organizations and international agencies working in the humanitarian field in Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama. Drawing on this empirical corpus, the article examines how notions of gender, care, rights and autonomy are incorporated — or contested — in the design and implementation of humanitarian responses in contexts of prolonged emergency, structural violence and territorial disputes. We argue that consolidating a gender perspective in humanitarian action must not be limited to the inclusion of women in aid programs, as it requires articulation with an intersectional and decolonial critique that centers global power relations, historical trajectories of oppression, and collective knowledge constructed from the margins. Far from presenting a closed model of intervention, this article invites a situated reflection on the ethical and political conditions necessary to advance toward transformative humanitarian action that does not reproduce colonial hierarchies or cultural simplifications, and that is capable of engaging in dialogue with local forms of organization, autonomy, and sovereignty. Thus, it proposes to contribute to the construction of a critical theoretical framework that enriches the debate on humanitarian action from the perspective of Southern feminisms and strengthens the role of community actors and international organizations in producing comprehensive and emancipatory responses.
This article critically analyzes the conceptual frameworks and gender perspective that structure humanitarian action today, from a Southern feminist approach. Through a theoretical and conceptual review, it problematizes the hegemonic logics that have historically defined humanitarian action from a universalist, technocratic, and depoliticized viewpoint, tending to reproduce asymmetrical relationships between aid-sending countries—generally from the Global North—and recipient territories—from the Global South. As an alternative conceptual framework, it incorporates the contributions of Southern feminisms, which challenge hegemonic logics and propose alternative ways of understanding and practicing solidarity in crisis contexts. This article draws on a qualitative methodological strategy combining documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with representatives of social organizations and international agencies working in the humanitarian field in Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama. Drawing on this empirical corpus, the article examines how notions of gender, care, rights and autonomy are incorporated — or contested — in the design and implementation of humanitarian responses in contexts of prolonged emergency, structural violence and territorial disputes. We argue that consolidating a gender perspective in humanitarian action must not be limited to the inclusion of women in aid programs, as it requires articulation with an intersectional and decolonial critique that centers global power relations, historical trajectories of oppression, and collective knowledge constructed from the margins. Far from presenting a closed model of intervention, this article invites a situated reflection on the ethical and political conditions necessary to advance toward transformative humanitarian action that does not reproduce colonial hierarchies or cultural simplifications, and that is capable of engaging in dialogue with local forms of organization, autonomy, and sovereignty. Thus, it proposes to contribute to the construction of a critical theoretical framework that enriches the debate on humanitarian action from the perspective of Southern feminisms and strengthens the role of community actors and international organizations in producing comprehensive and emancipatory responses.
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