¿Qué es una autocrítica?: Una conceptualización a partir de Foucault, Butler y Merleau-Ponty

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05/2025
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Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani
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Anacronismo e irrupción
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2250-4982
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El presente trabajo se propone explorar el concepto de autocrítica de manera teórica y epistemológica buscando establecer una serie de fundamentos comunes a la práctica. En un primer momento, se inscribe a la noción de autocrítica en una discusión más amplia referida al concepto de crítica, una discusión de larga historia en la tradición filosófico-política occidental. En este caso, se focaliza en la discusión a partir de los aportes de Foucault (2006) y Butler (2002), quienes han esbozado específicamente la pregunta por los fundamentos epistemológicos de la crítica. En un segundo momento, se busca conceptualizar concretamente el término de autocrítica a partir de una lectura del trabajo de Merleau-Ponty, Humanismo y terror [1947] (1965), quien establece tempranamente los elementos clave de esta noción al analizar la figura del dirigente soviético Bujarin durante el Proceso de Moscú. La hipótesis que guía el artículo sostiene que la autocrítica es tanto una práctica como una forma de la “actitud crítica”, tal como la entiende Foucault, que realiza un sujeto hacia uno/a mismo/a, hacia sus compromisos políticos y hacia un colectivo al que pertenece o perteneció. Y, en ese sentido, admite una doble faceta: una faceta reflexiva y una faceta pública o de respuesta.
This work aims to explore the concept of self-criticism in a theoretical and epistemological manner, seeking to establish a series of common foundations for its practice. Initially, the notion of self-criticism is inscribed in a broader discussion related to the concept of criticism, a discussion with a long history in the Western philosophical-political tradition. In this case, the focus is on the discussion through the contributions of Foucault (2006) and Butler (2002), who have specifically outlined the question of the epistemological foundations of criticism. In a second moment, the aim is to concretely conceptualize the term self-criticism through a reading of Merleau-Ponty's work, Humanism and Terror [1947] (1965), who early on established the key foundations of this notion by analyzing the figure of the Soviet leader Bukharin during the Moscow Trials. The guiding hypothesis of the article holds that self-criticism is both a critical practice and a form of the "critical attitude," as understood by Foucault, which a subject performs towards oneself, towards one's political commitments, and towards a collective to which one belongs or once belonged. In this sense, it admits a dual aspect: a reflective aspect and a public or responsive aspect.
This work aims to explore the concept of self-criticism in a theoretical and epistemological manner, seeking to establish a series of common foundations for its practice. Initially, the notion of self-criticism is inscribed in a broader discussion related to the concept of criticism, a discussion with a long history in the Western philosophical-political tradition. In this case, the focus is on the discussion through the contributions of Foucault (2006) and Butler (2002), who have specifically outlined the question of the epistemological foundations of criticism. In a second moment, the aim is to concretely conceptualize the term self-criticism through a reading of Merleau-Ponty's work, Humanism and Terror [1947] (1965), who early on established the key foundations of this notion by analyzing the figure of the Soviet leader Bukharin during the Moscow Trials. The guiding hypothesis of the article holds that self-criticism is both a critical practice and a form of the "critical attitude," as understood by Foucault, which a subject performs towards oneself, towards one's political commitments, and towards a collective to which one belongs or once belonged. In this sense, it admits a dual aspect: a reflective aspect and a public or responsive aspect.
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