Argumentar narrando y narrar argumentando: un estudio en los hogares de niños pequeños de distintos grupos sociales
; Rosemberg, Celia Renata
; Lewinsky, Viviana ; Shiro, Marta ; Arrué, Josefina Otros responsables
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12/2020
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Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Educación
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2362-6194
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En este estudio se analizan secuencias interaccionales en las que narración y argumentación se entrelazan en el discurso de niños de dos grupos sociales -medio (NSM) y bajo (NSB)- en sus intercambios cotidianos en el hogar. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la producción discursiva infantil han atendido a cada forma discursiva por separado, sin embargo, en la interacción natural las formas discursivas se entrelazan en función de los roles y objetivos de los participantes (Adam, 1999). En el estudio que se reporta se atiende al modo en el que argumentación y narración se imbrincan considerando diferencias según el grupo social y los participantes -adultos y niños- que interactúan con el niño. Se identificaron 43 secuencias -21 en NSB y 22 en NSM- en un corpus de 468 horas de audio-grabación en el hogar de 39 niños. Las secuencias fueron categorizadas empleando el Método Comparativo Constante (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Los resultados mostraron dos formas en las que narrativa y argumentación se entretejían: 1) la narración cumplía la función de Evidencia factual, se insertaba en la disputa y funcionaba como una estrategia argumentativa, 2) el interlocutor producía un Cuestionamiento de los hechos, ponía en duda los hechos narrados por el niño dando de este modo lugar a la disputa. Se encontró que los dos grupos sociales entrecruzan narración y argumentación de forma similar. Sin embargo, cuando el interlocutor era un adulto se producían mayor proporción de secuencias de cuestionamiento de los hechos que cuando el interlocutor era otro niño.
In the present study, interactional sequences are analyzed in which narration and argumentation are intertwined in the speech of children from two social groups - middle (NSM) and low (NSB) - in their daily interactions at home. Most studies on children’s discursive production have dealt with each discursive form separately, however, in natural interaction the discursive forms are intertwined depending on the roles and objectives of the participants (Adam, 1999). In the study that is reported, attention is paid to the way in which argumentation and narration are intertwined considering differences according to the social group and the participants - adults and children - who interact with the child. 43 sequences -21 in NSB and 22 in NSM- were identified in a corpus of 468 hours of audio recording in the home of 39 children. The sequences were categorized using the Constant Comparative Method (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). The results showed two ways in which narrative and argumentation were intertwined: 1) the narrative fulfilled the function of “Factual Evidence”: it was inserted into the dispute and functioned as an argumentative strategy, 2) the interlocutor produced a “Questioning of the facts”: he questioned the facts narrated by the child, thus giving rise to the dispute. The two social groups were found to intertwine narrative and argumentation in a similar way. However, when the interlocutor was an adult, a higher proportion of questioning sequences occurred than when the interlocutor was another child.
In the present study, interactional sequences are analyzed in which narration and argumentation are intertwined in the speech of children from two social groups - middle (NSM) and low (NSB) - in their daily interactions at home. Most studies on children’s discursive production have dealt with each discursive form separately, however, in natural interaction the discursive forms are intertwined depending on the roles and objectives of the participants (Adam, 1999). In the study that is reported, attention is paid to the way in which argumentation and narration are intertwined considering differences according to the social group and the participants - adults and children - who interact with the child. 43 sequences -21 in NSB and 22 in NSM- were identified in a corpus of 468 hours of audio recording in the home of 39 children. The sequences were categorized using the Constant Comparative Method (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). The results showed two ways in which narrative and argumentation were intertwined: 1) the narrative fulfilled the function of “Factual Evidence”: it was inserted into the dispute and functioned as an argumentative strategy, 2) the interlocutor produced a “Questioning of the facts”: he questioned the facts narrated by the child, thus giving rise to the dispute. The two social groups were found to intertwine narrative and argumentation in a similar way. However, when the interlocutor was an adult, a higher proportion of questioning sequences occurred than when the interlocutor was another child.
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