Dinámica en una sociedad de frontera: Tandil, Argentina, 1840-80

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Fecha
04/2024
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Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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Almanack
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2236-4633
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Hasta la segunda década del siglo XIX el espacio al sur del río Salado (Argentina) era territorio indígena. Veinticinco años más tarde comenzaron a llegar inmigrantes a aldeas como Tandil, conformando lo que luego sería la provincia de Buenos Aires. Los especialistas en indígenas e inmigrantes han avanzado en la comprensión de estos campos desde el comienzo de los años 1980. Sin embargo, mientras unos necesitaron atomizar el objeto de estudio por nacionalidad e incluso regionalismos, otros pusieron un énfasis mayormente antropológico en estudiar cacicatos importantes mientras avanzaban en categorías que permitieron desenmarañar un mundo indígena que se creía heterogéneo. Un tercer grupo analizó y discutió ideas sobre los criollos, descubriendo que el gaucho fue un personaje casi exótico y que se hablaba del mismo sin adentrarse en su distancia abismal entre la élite local y los pobres, privados de toda posibilidad hasta 1880. La mirada era binaria: indígenas y criollos, mientras los extranjeros se movían en el escenario cual actores protagónicos a los que acompañaba la luz de un reflector. Nos proponemos avanzar en una mirada holística, tomando el caso vasco como testigo, que tenga en cuenta la historicidad y que revise la documentación en busca de dinamizar el conjunto. También buscamos recuperar la relación sustancial con un medio ambiente que se presentó hasta hace tiempo como una escenografía sugerente, salvo excepciones sobre el mundo indígena.
Until the second decade of the 19th century, the space south of the Salado River was indigenous territory. Twenty-five years later, immigrants began to arrive in villages like Tandil, forming what would later become the province of Buenos Aires. Specialists on indigenous people and immigrants have advanced in the understanding of these fields since the early 1980s. However, while some needed to atomize the object of study by nationality and even regionalisms, the others placed a largely anthropological emphasis on studying important chiefdoms while They advanced in categories that allowed us to unravel an indigenous world that was believed to be heterogeneous. A third group analyzed and discussed ideas about the Creoles, discovering that the gaucho was an almost exotic character and that they talked about him without delving into his abysmal distance between the local elite and the poor, deprived of all pos-sibilities until 1880. The look was binary: indigenous and Creole, while the foreigners moved on stage like leading actors accom-panied by the light of a spotlight. We propose to advance a holistic view, taking the Basque case as a witness, taking into account historicity and reviewing the documentation in search of energizing the whole. Also, recover the substantial relationship with an environment that was presented until some time ago as a suggestive scenography, with exceptions regarding the indigenous world.
Until the second decade of the 19th century, the space south of the Salado River was indigenous territory. Twenty-five years later, immigrants began to arrive in villages like Tandil, forming what would later become the province of Buenos Aires. Specialists on indigenous people and immigrants have advanced in the understanding of these fields since the early 1980s. However, while some needed to atomize the object of study by nationality and even regionalisms, the others placed a largely anthropological emphasis on studying important chiefdoms while They advanced in categories that allowed us to unravel an indigenous world that was believed to be heterogeneous. A third group analyzed and discussed ideas about the Creoles, discovering that the gaucho was an almost exotic character and that they talked about him without delving into his abysmal distance between the local elite and the poor, deprived of all pos-sibilities until 1880. The look was binary: indigenous and Creole, while the foreigners moved on stage like leading actors accom-panied by the light of a spotlight. We propose to advance a holistic view, taking the Basque case as a witness, taking into account historicity and reviewing the documentation in search of energizing the whole. Also, recover the substantial relationship with an environment that was presented until some time ago as a suggestive scenography, with exceptions regarding the indigenous world.
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