Características y evolución de manantiales captados para usos múltiples en el distrito Vichigasta, La Rioja, Argentina
; Miguel, Roberto Esteban 
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Fecha
12/2021
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Geología Aplicada a la Ingeniería
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Revista de Geología Aplicada a la Ingeniería y al Ambiente
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2422-5703
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En regiones áridas o semiáridas la presencia de agua para el desarrollo de actividades humanas es relevante, pero su calidad es fundamental en función de los usos que pretendan desarrollarse. En la provincia de La Rioja es escasa y poco actualizada la información sobre la disponibilidad y calidad del agua subterránea utilizada para riego o consumo humano dentro de determinados departamentos y distritos de riego, como es el caso de los manantiales de Vichigasta. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características generales y la evolución del recurso hídrico subterráneo que aflora en manantiales y su evolución temporal en relación a estudios previos, evaluando posibles impactos de las actividades antrópicas realizadas en sus inmediaciones. Se recopilaron datos antecedentes del subsistema natural, se realizaron aforos y una caracterización físicoquímica bajo normas estandarizadas de conductividad eléctrica, iones mayoritarios y fluoruro. Los resultados indicaron una merma general de los caudales erogados e inclusive el agotamiento de 15 manantiales. La totalidad de los manantiales presentan aguas sulfatadas a excepción del manantial Comunal Chima, el cual evolucionó hacia aguas cloruradas que podrían asociarse a impactos por retornos de riego y la extracción de agua mediante pozos de bombeo en sus inmediaciones. Resulta necesario avanzar en estudios de detalle que permitan elaborar un conjunto de pautas tendientes a la gestión integral del recurso hídrico en esta región.
In arid or semi-arid regions the presence of water for the development of human activities is relevant, but its quality is essential depending on the uses that are intended to be developed. In the province of La Rioja, information on the availability and quality of groundwater used for irrigation or human consumption is scarce and not very updated within certain departments and irrigation districts, such as the springs of Vichigasta. The objective of this work is to analyse the general characteristics and evolution of the groundwater resources that outcrop in springs and their temporal evolution in relation to previous studies, evaluating possible impacts of anthropic activities carried out nearby. Background data on the natural subsystem were collected, gauging and physical-chemical characterization were performed under standardized norms for electrical conductivity, majority ions and fluoride. The results indicated a general decrease in the flows and even the depletion of 15 springs. All of the springs show sulfated water except for the Chima Communal spring, which evolved towards chlorinated water that could be associated with impacts from irrigation returns and water extraction by means of pumping wells nearby. It is necessary to advance in detailed studies to develop a set of guidelines for the integrated management of water resources in this region.
In arid or semi-arid regions the presence of water for the development of human activities is relevant, but its quality is essential depending on the uses that are intended to be developed. In the province of La Rioja, information on the availability and quality of groundwater used for irrigation or human consumption is scarce and not very updated within certain departments and irrigation districts, such as the springs of Vichigasta. The objective of this work is to analyse the general characteristics and evolution of the groundwater resources that outcrop in springs and their temporal evolution in relation to previous studies, evaluating possible impacts of anthropic activities carried out nearby. Background data on the natural subsystem were collected, gauging and physical-chemical characterization were performed under standardized norms for electrical conductivity, majority ions and fluoride. The results indicated a general decrease in the flows and even the depletion of 15 springs. All of the springs show sulfated water except for the Chima Communal spring, which evolved towards chlorinated water that could be associated with impacts from irrigation returns and water extraction by means of pumping wells nearby. It is necessary to advance in detailed studies to develop a set of guidelines for the integrated management of water resources in this region.
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