Los vecinos de Colombres. Establecimientos preindustriales de azúcar y aguardiente en el Bajo de San Miguel de Tucumán (Argentina)

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Fecha
11/2022
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades
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Revista Escuela de Historia
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ISSN
1667-4162
eISSN
1669-9041
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Español
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Resumen
Durante gran parte del siglo XIX, en los alrededores de la ciudad de San Miguel deTucumán, se situaron un buen número de propiedades dedicadas al cultivo de cereales, frutales,forrajeras, y también al procesamiento de la caña de azúcar en establecimientos donde fabricabanazúcares, aguardientes y dulces. Al poseer características preindustriales, un porcentaje significativode esos ingenios no se adecuó al cambio tecnológico ocurrido en las últimas décadas del siglo XIXy cerraron sus puertas. En la actualidad, la mayor parte desaparecieron como consecuencia delavance de la urbanización, quedando sepultada gran parte de sus restos materiales. La evidenciahistórica indica que muchos de estos trapiches se instalaron en terrenos al este, en el área conocidacomo el Bajo de la ciudad, donde hoy se encuentra el Parque 9 de Julio. En el marco de unainvestigación interdisciplinaria, el presente artículo explora una alternativa metodológica quecombina el análisis documental con el cartográfico, con el fin de localizar los solares donde seerigieron estos ingenios y, a futuro, explorar las posibilidades para realizar trabajos de arqueologíaurbana para identificar evidencia material in situ que dé cuenta de la disposición edilicia original desus edificios y construcciones, a la vez que recuperar restos de elementos de uso doméstico y/orelacionados con la producción. Así, se busca sumar conocimiento para historiadores, arqueólogosy estudiosos de la arquitectura y el patrimonio mediante la indagación de evidencia novedosa sobreestos establecimientos preindustriales de mediados del siglo XIX, componentes centrales del pasadoazucarero provincial.
During the 19th century, in the area surrounding the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, there were a good number of properties dedicated to the cultivation of cereals, fruit trees, fodder, and also to the processing of sugar cane in establishments where sugars, brandies and sweets were produced. Due to their pre-industrial characteristics, a significant percentage of these sugar mills did not adapt to the technological change that occurred in the last decades of the 19th century and closed their doors. Today, a significant percentage of them have disappeared as a consequence of the advance of urbanization, which has buried a large part of their material remains. Historical evidence indicates that many of these mills were installed on land to the east of the city, in the area known as El Bajo, where Parque 9 de Julio is located today. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary investigation, this article explores a methodological alternative that combines documentary and cartographic analysis in order to locate the sites where these mills were erected and to explore, in the future, the possibilities of carrying out urban archaeological work to identify material, movable and/or immovable evidence. The aim is to add information that could be useful for historians, archaeologists and scholars of architecture and heritage through the investigation of new sources on these pre-industrial establishments of the mid-19th century, central components of the provincial sugar past.
During the 19th century, in the area surrounding the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, there were a good number of properties dedicated to the cultivation of cereals, fruit trees, fodder, and also to the processing of sugar cane in establishments where sugars, brandies and sweets were produced. Due to their pre-industrial characteristics, a significant percentage of these sugar mills did not adapt to the technological change that occurred in the last decades of the 19th century and closed their doors. Today, a significant percentage of them have disappeared as a consequence of the advance of urbanization, which has buried a large part of their material remains. Historical evidence indicates that many of these mills were installed on land to the east of the city, in the area known as El Bajo, where Parque 9 de Julio is located today. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary investigation, this article explores a methodological alternative that combines documentary and cartographic analysis in order to locate the sites where these mills were erected and to explore, in the future, the possibilities of carrying out urban archaeological work to identify material, movable and/or immovable evidence. The aim is to add information that could be useful for historians, archaeologists and scholars of architecture and heritage through the investigation of new sources on these pre-industrial establishments of the mid-19th century, central components of the provincial sugar past.
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