Electrobiorremediación de suelos contaminados con HAP
; Pucci, Graciela Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Instituto de Biotecnología
Revista
Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
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ISSN
0123-3475
eISSN
1909-8758
ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
El consumo de combustibles a nivel mundial ha provocado un aumento en los derrames de petróleo impactando ne-gativamente el medio ambiente, especialmente en el suelo. La contaminación por hidrocarburos, particularmente los HAPs, es una preocupación debido a su toxicidad. Este estudio se centró en evaluar la electrobiorremediación combi-nada con bioestimulación para degradar HAPs en un suelo de la Patagonia crónicamente contaminado por una explo-tación petrolera convencional. La investigación fue por un periodo de 60 días, utilizando 600 g de suelo provenientes de un sitio impactado con hidrocarburos, en cubas con y sin campo eléctrico constante (0,5 V/cm, con inversión de polaridad cada 4 días), y con o sin la adición de nutrientes específicos (urea y fosfato monopotásico en una relación C:N:P de 100:10:1). Se monitoreó pH, la conductividad eléctrica, humedad, bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos y concentración de HAPs por HPLC y metales pesados. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación del campo eléctri-co mejoró la biodegradación de HAPs, logrando hasta un 67,88% de reducción en los sistemas sin nutrientes, en con-traste con el 38,59% observado en los controles. La mayor degradación se observó en HAPs de 2 y 3 anillos aromáti-cos, coincidiendo con un incremento en el número de bacterias en los sistemas electroestimulados. No obstante, la adición de nutrientes no generó el impacto positivo esperado, e incluso en ciertos casos, el aumento del pH por la urea afectó negativamente la actividad microbiana. Esto destaca el potencial de esta técnica para la recuperación de ecosistemas de suelos contaminados con petróleo.
Global fuel consumption has led to an increase in oil spills, negatively impacting the environment, especially the soil. Hydrocarbon contamination, particularly PAHs, is a concern due to its toxicity. This study focused on evaluating elec- trobioremediation combined with biostimulation to degrade PAHs in a Patagonian soil chronically contaminated by conventional oil exploitation. Experiments lasted 60 days, using cubes with and without a constant electric field (0.5 V/ cm, with polarity reversal every 4 days), and with or without the addition of specific nutrients (urea and monopotassium phosphate in a C:N:P ratio of 100:10:1). pH, electrical conductivity, humidity, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and PAH concentrations were monitored by HPLC and heavy metals. The results showed that the application of the electric field enhanced PAH biodegradation, achieving up to 67.88% reduction in systems without nutrients, in contrast to the 38.59% observed in the control systems. The greatest degradation was observed in PAHs with two and three aromatic rings, coinciding with an increase in the number of bacteria in the electrostimulated systems. However, the addition of nutrients did not have the expected positive impact, and in some cases, the increased pH caused by urea negatively affected microbial activity. This highlights the potential of this technique for the recovery of ecosystems in oil-contaminated soils.
Global fuel consumption has led to an increase in oil spills, negatively impacting the environment, especially the soil. Hydrocarbon contamination, particularly PAHs, is a concern due to its toxicity. This study focused on evaluating elec- trobioremediation combined with biostimulation to degrade PAHs in a Patagonian soil chronically contaminated by conventional oil exploitation. Experiments lasted 60 days, using cubes with and without a constant electric field (0.5 V/ cm, with polarity reversal every 4 days), and with or without the addition of specific nutrients (urea and monopotassium phosphate in a C:N:P ratio of 100:10:1). pH, electrical conductivity, humidity, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and PAH concentrations were monitored by HPLC and heavy metals. The results showed that the application of the electric field enhanced PAH biodegradation, achieving up to 67.88% reduction in systems without nutrients, in contrast to the 38.59% observed in the control systems. The greatest degradation was observed in PAHs with two and three aromatic rings, coinciding with an increase in the number of bacteria in the electrostimulated systems. However, the addition of nutrients did not have the expected positive impact, and in some cases, the increased pH caused by urea negatively affected microbial activity. This highlights the potential of this technique for the recovery of ecosystems in oil-contaminated soils.
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