La disponibilidad de luz limita la producción frutícola del calafate en un matorral mixto nativo (Río Negro, Argentina)
; Fernández, Natalia Verónica
; Fernández, Margarita Mabel
; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro 
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Fecha
12/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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1667-7838
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Español
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Resumen
. Los productos forestales no madereros (PFNM), como los frutos silvestres, son de gran importancia para las comunidades rurales y los grupos sociales vulnerables debido al ingreso económico que permiten y al rol que cumplen en su alimentación. Para optimizar su aprovechamiento es necesario estudiar las necesidades ecológicas de las plantas que los producen, como la luz, que afecta su desarrollo y reproducción. Los frutos del calafate (Berberis microphylla) son un PFNM de interés, aunque hay poca información sobre la relación entre su aprovechamiento y la disponibilidad de luz del ambiente. En este estudio se analizó la potencialidad del matorral mixto nativo como proveedor de frutos de calafate y su relación con la disponibilidad de luz. Para ello, se evaluó en un matorral nativo en El Foyel, Río Negro, la presencia y el número de frutos en plantas de calafate naturalmente establecidas en el lugar y expuestas a distintas intensidades de luz. También se estimó la productividad del matorral muestreado para diferentes niveles de disponibilidad de luz. Para analizar los datos se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados. Una mayor apertura del dosel se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de fructificación y con mayor número de frutos por planta. Además, se encontró una relación positiva entre la altura de las plantas y el número de frutos. Se estimó que la mayor producción de fruta se encontraría en un escenario de apertura del dosel del 100%, en cuyo caso se obtendrían ~54.87 kg/ha. Se concluyó que la disponibilidad de luz es un factor fundamental para la fructificación del calafate. Además, teniendo en cuenta que la apertura de dosel promedio del matorral muestreado resultó ser 22.2%, se considera que es necesario un manejo apropiado del ambiente para optimizar el aprovechamiento de esta especie de manera sustentable y económicamente conveniente.
Non-timber forest products (NTFP), such as wild berries, are of great importance for rural communities and vulnerable social groups due to the economic income they might generate and their role in these people’s nutrition. To optimize forest plants productivity is necessary to study their ecological needs, such as light availability. Calafate (Berberis microphylla) fruits are NTFP of interest. However, there is little information about the relation between their productivity and light availability. In this study, the potential of a native mixed shrubland as supplier of calafate fruits and its relation with light availability was analyzed. To achieve this, the presence and number of fruits in calafate plants naturally established in a native shrubland in El Foyel, Río Negro, and exposed to different light intensities were evaluated. An estimation of the productivity of the shrubland sampled was also made for different levels of light availability. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the data. It was found that greater canopy openness corresponded to a higher probability of fruiting and to a greater number of fruits per plant. In addition, a positive relationship was found between plant height and number of fruits. It was estimated that the highest fruit production would be found in a 100% canopy openness scenario, in which case, ~54.87 kg/ha would be obtained. It was concluded that light availability is an essential factor for calafate fruiting. Moreover, considering that the average canopy openness of the sampled shrubland was 22.2%, it is considered that an appropriate environmental management is necessary to optimize the use of this species in a sustainable and economically convenient way.
Non-timber forest products (NTFP), such as wild berries, are of great importance for rural communities and vulnerable social groups due to the economic income they might generate and their role in these people’s nutrition. To optimize forest plants productivity is necessary to study their ecological needs, such as light availability. Calafate (Berberis microphylla) fruits are NTFP of interest. However, there is little information about the relation between their productivity and light availability. In this study, the potential of a native mixed shrubland as supplier of calafate fruits and its relation with light availability was analyzed. To achieve this, the presence and number of fruits in calafate plants naturally established in a native shrubland in El Foyel, Río Negro, and exposed to different light intensities were evaluated. An estimation of the productivity of the shrubland sampled was also made for different levels of light availability. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the data. It was found that greater canopy openness corresponded to a higher probability of fruiting and to a greater number of fruits per plant. In addition, a positive relationship was found between plant height and number of fruits. It was estimated that the highest fruit production would be found in a 100% canopy openness scenario, in which case, ~54.87 kg/ha would be obtained. It was concluded that light availability is an essential factor for calafate fruiting. Moreover, considering that the average canopy openness of the sampled shrubland was 22.2%, it is considered that an appropriate environmental management is necessary to optimize the use of this species in a sustainable and economically convenient way.
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