Hogares inquilinos y pobreza inducida por vivienda en Argentina

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Fecha
12/2024
Editorial
Universidad del Valle
Revista
Sociedad y Economía
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ISSN
2389-9050
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Español
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Resumen
IntroducciónEn Argentina, casi la mitad de los hogares inquilinos destina más del 30% de sus ingresos a gastos relacionados con la vivienda. Sin embargo, esta medida no considera el costo de otras necesidades igualmente básicas.ObjetivoEstimar el alcance de la crisis de asequibilidad de la vivienda en alquiler en Argentina durante 2017-2018 desde un enfoque de ingresos residuales, tomando como referencia la línea de pobreza.Metodología A partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares 2017-2018 y la línea de pobreza, se estiman los porcentajes de hogares inquilinos con pobreza inducida por vivienda según diferentes características sociodemográficas, y se comparan con los obtenidos a partir del umbral del 30%. Posteriormente, se realizan análisis de regresión logística multivariada para identificar cuáles de estas características están relacionadas con una mayor probabilidad de enfrentar una sobrecarga financiera desde un enfoque residual.ResultadosLos porcentajes de hogares con pobreza inducida por vivienda son similares a los estimados utilizando el umbral del 30%, pero presentan una distribución considerablemente diferente según la composición sociodemográfica del hogar. Los hogares inquilinos con mayor dependencia económica, principalmente aquellos con niños/as, y/o encabezados por jefes/as jóvenes, bajo nivel educativo y empleos poco calificados, tienen mayores probabilidades de enfrentarproblemas de asequibilidad.ConclusionesUn enfoque residual permite un análisis más preciso de las restricciones que enfrentan los hogaresinquilinos, al evidenciar la pobreza resultante de la sobrecarga de los gastos en vivienda, especialmente debido a los altos costos de los alquileres.
In Argentina, nearly half of tenant households allocate more than 30% of their income to housing-related expenses. However, this measure does not account for the cost of other equally essential needs. Objective To estimate the extent of the rental housing affordability crisis in Argentina during 2017-2018 using a residual income approach, taking the poverty line as a reference. Methodology Using data from the 2017–2018 National Household Expenditure Survey and the poverty line, percentages of tenant households experiencing housing-induced poverty are estimated based on various sociodemographic characteristics and compared to those obtained using the 30% threshold. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analyses are conducted to identify which of these characteristics are associated with a higher probability of experiencing financial overburden from a residual income perspective. Results The percentages of households with housing-induced poverty are similar to those estimated using the 30% threshold but show a significantly different distribution according to the sociodemographic composition of households. Tenant households with greater economic dependency, mainly those with children, and/ or headed by young individuals, with low education attainment and in low-skilled jobs, are more likely to face affordability problems. Conclusions A residual income approach enables a more accurate analysis of the constraints faced by tenant households by highlighting poverty resulting from housing cost burdens, especially due to high rental costs.
In Argentina, nearly half of tenant households allocate more than 30% of their income to housing-related expenses. However, this measure does not account for the cost of other equally essential needs. Objective To estimate the extent of the rental housing affordability crisis in Argentina during 2017-2018 using a residual income approach, taking the poverty line as a reference. Methodology Using data from the 2017–2018 National Household Expenditure Survey and the poverty line, percentages of tenant households experiencing housing-induced poverty are estimated based on various sociodemographic characteristics and compared to those obtained using the 30% threshold. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analyses are conducted to identify which of these characteristics are associated with a higher probability of experiencing financial overburden from a residual income perspective. Results The percentages of households with housing-induced poverty are similar to those estimated using the 30% threshold but show a significantly different distribution according to the sociodemographic composition of households. Tenant households with greater economic dependency, mainly those with children, and/ or headed by young individuals, with low education attainment and in low-skilled jobs, are more likely to face affordability problems. Conclusions A residual income approach enables a more accurate analysis of the constraints faced by tenant households by highlighting poverty resulting from housing cost burdens, especially due to high rental costs.
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