Razas locales ante emergencias ambientales: desempeño y aportes a partir del repoblamiento con Cabras Criollas Neuquinas en Patagonia, Argentina
; Lammel, Sofia Ailen
; Preda, Graciela Maria ; Cumilaf, Ana María ; Fornasa, Alejandro Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2021
Editorial
Asociación Latinoamericana de Producción Animal
Revista
Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1022-1301
eISSN
2075-8359
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La Línea Sur de Río Negro (Patagonia, Argentina) se caracteriza por su clima áridosemiárido de secano y por la presencia de eventos naturales extremos, intensificados por el cambio climático. En 2011, la erupción del Volcán Caulle Puyehue causó una emergencia productiva y socioambientaly la disminución de hasta 65 % de los animales, comprometiendo la seguridad alimentaria y el arraigo de las familias campesinas. Ante esta situación, se desarrolló una iniciativa de repoblamiento con Cabras Criollas Neuquinas (CCN) seleccionadas por su rusticidad y prolificidad para asegurar rápidamente la provisión de carne. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el desempeño de las CCN luego de tres años de realizado el repoblamiento, comprender los cambios en la organización productiva y las contribuciones en la economía de las 90 familias campesinas de la Línea Sur que participaron de la propuesta. Mediante encuestas y talleres se recopiló información productiva y socioeconómica de 69 familias beneficiarias, quienes manifestaron que continuaban criando CCN. Los resultados reproductivos demuestran que esta raza local se adaptó al cambio de ambiente, contribuyó a la provisión de carne para el autoconsumo y originó excedentes para venta. Además de facilitar nuevos ingresos, permitió la diversificación de las economías con nuevos productos, sin complejizar el manejo ganadero. Los campesinos destacaron la posibilidad de sostener la actividad productiva en el ámbito familiar, incluyendo el retorno de miembros que habían migrado. Se evidencia la importancia del rol de las razas locales, para mejorar la adaptación de los sistemas productivos campesinos ante emergencias ambientales.
Río Negro’s Southern Line (Argentinean Patagonia) is an area characterized by its arid and semiarid climate, subject to extreme natural events, which are intensified by climate change. In 2011, the eruption of CaullePuyehue volcano caused a productive and socioenvironmental emergency, which generated a reduction of up to 65 % of livestock production. The emergency compromised food security and the persistence of peasant’s families. Towards this situation, it was developed a restocking initiative with Neuquén Criollo goats (NCG), which were selected due to their rusticity and prolificacy for fast producing meat. The objective of this paper is to analyze NCG’s performance after three years of the restocking and to comprehend the productive changes and the contributions to the economy of 90 families who participated in the proposal in the Southern Line. Through surveys and workshops, productive and socioeconomic information was gathered from 69 families, which declared that they are still raising NCG. The results show that this local breed adapted to the change of environment, contributed in providing meat for home consumption and generated surplus for sale. Besides new incomes, it allowed economy diversification with new products, without complicating animal husbandry. Peasant’s highlighted the possibility to maintain productive activity at a family level, including the return of members that had migrated. It is revealed the importance of local breeds to improve the adaptation of peasants’ productive systems to environmental emergencies.
Río Negro’s Southern Line (Argentinean Patagonia) is an area characterized by its arid and semiarid climate, subject to extreme natural events, which are intensified by climate change. In 2011, the eruption of CaullePuyehue volcano caused a productive and socioenvironmental emergency, which generated a reduction of up to 65 % of livestock production. The emergency compromised food security and the persistence of peasant’s families. Towards this situation, it was developed a restocking initiative with Neuquén Criollo goats (NCG), which were selected due to their rusticity and prolificacy for fast producing meat. The objective of this paper is to analyze NCG’s performance after three years of the restocking and to comprehend the productive changes and the contributions to the economy of 90 families who participated in the proposal in the Southern Line. Through surveys and workshops, productive and socioeconomic information was gathered from 69 families, which declared that they are still raising NCG. The results show that this local breed adapted to the change of environment, contributed in providing meat for home consumption and generated surplus for sale. Besides new incomes, it allowed economy diversification with new products, without complicating animal husbandry. Peasant’s highlighted the possibility to maintain productive activity at a family level, including the return of members that had migrated. It is revealed the importance of local breeds to improve the adaptation of peasants’ productive systems to environmental emergencies.
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