Saberes escolares, saberes peronistas: Una aproximación a la historia cultural de la educación a partir de un cuaderno de 1955

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09/2023
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Sociedad Mexicana de Historia de la Educación
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Revista Mexicana de Historia de la Educación
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2007-7335
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Español
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A partir del análisis de un cuaderno escolar de primer grado de 1955 en Argentina proponemos una aproximación a la historia cultural y social de la educación. Nos valemos de la materialidad como un recurso que permite un acercamiento a cómo vivieron ese proceso los actores involucrados en la práctica educativa y cómo fueron experimentados los paradigmas del campo pedagógico y político en la cotidianeidad escolar. El objetivo final es evidenciar que históricamente la misión de la escuela primaria es y ha sido la enseñanza de los saberes elementales: lectura, escritura y cálculo. Pero también la transmisión de valores asociados a la moral, la religión, la cultura y la identidad de una nación. Aspectos que, en el recorte histórico que realizamos a partir del cuaderno, se vieron influenciados por los intereses del partido político peronista, el cual buscaba educar los sentidos a través de la cultura política oficial.
We propose an approach to the cultural and social history of education based on the analysis of a first-grade school notebook from 1955 in Argentina. We rely on the materiality as a resource that allows an approach to how the actors involved in the educational practice lived that process and how the paradigms of the pedagogic and politic fields were experienced in the school’s daily life. The final goal is to show that historically the mission of the elementary school is and has been the teaching of basic knowledge: reading, writing and arithmetic. But also, the transmission of values associated with the morals, religion, culture, and the identity of a nation. Aspects that, in the historical review that we made from the notebook, were influenced by the interests of the Peronist political party, which sought to educate the senses through the official political culture.
We propose an approach to the cultural and social history of education based on the analysis of a first-grade school notebook from 1955 in Argentina. We rely on the materiality as a resource that allows an approach to how the actors involved in the educational practice lived that process and how the paradigms of the pedagogic and politic fields were experienced in the school’s daily life. The final goal is to show that historically the mission of the elementary school is and has been the teaching of basic knowledge: reading, writing and arithmetic. But also, the transmission of values associated with the morals, religion, culture, and the identity of a nation. Aspects that, in the historical review that we made from the notebook, were influenced by the interests of the Peronist political party, which sought to educate the senses through the official political culture.
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