La horticultura mapuche y la influencia de organismos externos: contribuciones a la seguridad alimentaria en ambientes vulnerables de la estepa Patagónica

Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2022
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Botánica
Revista
Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0373-580X
eISSN
1851-2372
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La inseguridad alimentaria constituye un desafío global que enfrentan numerosas poblaciones rurales. En este contexto, la horticultura tradicional, atenúa esta problemática, promoviendo el abastecimiento local de alimentos. Este estudio pretende aportar conocimientos sobre la riqueza hortícola, versatilidad utilitaria y prácticas de manejo que despliega una comunidad rural Mapuche bajo condiciones de vulnerabilidad socio económica y ambiental. Se realizaron entrevistas, observación y caminatas de reconocimiento de especies en 30 hogares que practicaban la horticultura, situados en la comunidad de Gualjaina, estepa patagónica. Se indagó sobre la riqueza de especies cultivadas y espontáneas, su versatilidad utilitaria y el manejo del complejo agua-suelo-cultivos. La riqueza correspondió a 89 especies. La mayor versatilidad utilitaria correspondió a Rosa rubiginosa, Chenopodium album y Sambucus nigra. Se observaron diferentes fuentes de agua (superficiales, sub superficiales, agua de red) y tipos de riego (mangueras, inundación, goteo, aspersión). Se destacó el uso de elementos orgánicos tales como estiércol, compost y purines. Asimismo, se registró la implementación de reservorios de agua, riego por goteo y abonos verdes, provistos por organismos externos. Este estudio mostró formas alternativas de producción de alimentos en ambientes vulnerables, pudiendo a futuro ser un valioso aporte en la planificación de propuestas tendientes a la seguridad alimentaria en comunidades tradicionales de la estepa patagónica.
Food insecurity is a global challenge faced by many rural populations. In this context, traditional horticulture mitigates this problem, promoting local food supply. This study aims to provide knowledge about the horticultural wealth, utility versatility and management practices that a Mapuche rural community deploys under conditions of socio-economic and environmental vulnerability. Semi-structured, open and in-depth interviews, observation and walking tours with the informants were carried out in 30 households that practiced horticulture located in the community of Gualjaina, Patagonian steppe. The richness and versatility of plant species, and management of water, soil and crops. Total richness corresponded to 89 species. The greatest utility versatility corresponded to Rosa rubiginosa, Chenopodium album and Sambucus nigra. Different water sources (surface, sub-surface, mains water) and types of irrigation (hoses, flood, drip, sprinkler) were observed. The use of organic elements such as manure, compost and slurry was highlighted. Likewise, the implementation of water reservoirs, drip irrigation and green manures, provided by external organizations, was recorded. This study showed alternative management of food production in vulnerable environments, which could be a valuable contribution in the planning of proposals aimed at food security in traditional communities of the Patagonian steppe.
Food insecurity is a global challenge faced by many rural populations. In this context, traditional horticulture mitigates this problem, promoting local food supply. This study aims to provide knowledge about the horticultural wealth, utility versatility and management practices that a Mapuche rural community deploys under conditions of socio-economic and environmental vulnerability. Semi-structured, open and in-depth interviews, observation and walking tours with the informants were carried out in 30 households that practiced horticulture located in the community of Gualjaina, Patagonian steppe. The richness and versatility of plant species, and management of water, soil and crops. Total richness corresponded to 89 species. The greatest utility versatility corresponded to Rosa rubiginosa, Chenopodium album and Sambucus nigra. Different water sources (surface, sub-surface, mains water) and types of irrigation (hoses, flood, drip, sprinkler) were observed. The use of organic elements such as manure, compost and slurry was highlighted. Likewise, the implementation of water reservoirs, drip irrigation and green manures, provided by external organizations, was recorded. This study showed alternative management of food production in vulnerable environments, which could be a valuable contribution in the planning of proposals aimed at food security in traditional communities of the Patagonian steppe.
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