A Monumental Controversy: The Memorial for the Victims of Franco’s Regime in Madrid
; Palacios González, Danie Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
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Culture & History Digital Journal
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2253-797X
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La memoria de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura en España y su representación en el espacio público han sido objeto de intenso debate y controversia desde el año 2000. Este artículo se centra en el proceso de construcción de un memorial en el Cementerio de la Almudena (Madrid, España). Inicialmente, este monumento se proyectó para conmemorar a las víctimas de la dictadura franquista en la ciudad entre 1939 y 1944, pero este significado se distorsionó durante su construcción. La investigación combina diferentes técnicas de la metodología cualitativa, como las entrevistas, la observación participante y el análisis de documentos. Luego de describir la construcción y resignificación del memorial, se examina las acciones de resistencia emprendidas por los familiares de las víctimas, colectivos de memoria, académicos y artistas frente a la política de silencio a nivel municipal. El texto respalda las teorías que entienden que la configuración de la memoria colectiva en el espacio público es un proceso abierto, muchas veces conflictivo y sujeto a nuevas apropiaciones. Entendemos que la memoria no está petrificada en piedra, sino que es un trabajo que requiere la participación de diferentes actores y el diseño de estrategias permanentes y/o performativas que otorguen (o devuelvan) el contenido histórico, ético y pedagógico al monumento.
The memory of the war and dictatorship in Spain and its representation in public spaces have been the subject of intense debate and controversy since 2000. This article focuses on the construction process of a memorial in the Almudena Cemetery (Madrid, Spain). It was initially planned to commemorate the victims of the dictatorship under General Francisco Franco in the city between 1939 and 1944, but this meaning became distorted during its construction. The research combines qualitative methodology techniques such as interviews, participant observation and document analysis. After describing the construction and resignification of the memorial, the text then examines the actions of resistance undertaken by victims´ relatives, memorial collectives, academics and artists in the face of the institutional policy of silence at the city council level. The text supports the theories that understand that the shaping of collective memory in public space is an open process, often conflictive and subject to new appropriations. We understand that memory is not petrified in stone, but that it is a work that requires the participation of different actors and the design of permanent and/or performative strategies that give (or return) historical, ethical and pedagogical content to the monument.
The memory of the war and dictatorship in Spain and its representation in public spaces have been the subject of intense debate and controversy since 2000. This article focuses on the construction process of a memorial in the Almudena Cemetery (Madrid, Spain). It was initially planned to commemorate the victims of the dictatorship under General Francisco Franco in the city between 1939 and 1944, but this meaning became distorted during its construction. The research combines qualitative methodology techniques such as interviews, participant observation and document analysis. After describing the construction and resignification of the memorial, the text then examines the actions of resistance undertaken by victims´ relatives, memorial collectives, academics and artists in the face of the institutional policy of silence at the city council level. The text supports the theories that understand that the shaping of collective memory in public space is an open process, often conflictive and subject to new appropriations. We understand that memory is not petrified in stone, but that it is a work that requires the participation of different actors and the design of permanent and/or performative strategies that give (or return) historical, ethical and pedagogical content to the monument.
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