Duramen de Robinia pseudoacacia con evidencias de pudrición: Agente causal y caracterización anatómica y química de la madera atacada
; Perello, Analia Edith
; Luna, M. L. Otros responsables
Fecha
08/2022
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales
Revista
Quebracho
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1658-077X
eISSN
1851-3026
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Español
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Resumen
Robinia pseudoacacia es reconocida por su valor estético y por ello cultivada en ambientes urbanos. Objetivo: identificar al hongo responsable de la pudrición del duramen de Robinia pseudoacacia y analizar las alteraciones anatómicas y químicas que causa en el leño. Se trabajó con muestras provenientes de árboles de los espacios públicos de La Plata. El hongo fue identificado en base a sus características culturales. Se realizaron estudios anatómicos y químicos en duramen atacado y testigo. Para las observaciones con MO las muestras fueron fijadas en FAA y embebidas en Paraplast. Secciones sin teñir se utilizaron para detectar pérdida de birrefringencia (indicador de celulólisis). Las observaciones con MEB se realizaron en muestras montadas sobre platinas y cubiertas con oro. Para el análisis químico se usó FT-IR. Se estimaron las relaciones entre los niveles de absorbancia correspondientes a diferentes grupos funcionales químicos de los polímeros de la madera atacada versus aquellos obtenidos en muestras control. Las características de los cultivos se correspondieron con lo descripto para L. sulphureus. La madera atacada presentó coloración castaña, fractura cúbica, abundante micelio y clamidosporas. Con MO y MEB: deformación generalizada del tejido; fracturas; colapso de fibras; micelio en vasos, radios y fracturas; perforaciones en tílides; punteaduras erosionadas y pérdida total de birrefringencia en fibras. Químicamente, fue notable la degradación de los carbohidratos por sobre la lignina y el ataque preferencial a las unidades guayacil del polímero aromático.
Robinia pseudoacacia is recognized worldwide for its aesthetic importance and so cultivated in urban environments. The objective of this paper was to: identify the fungus responsible for the rot of Robinia pseudoacacia heartwood and analyze the anatomical and chemical alterations it causes in the wood. The samples were obained from trees growing in public spaces of La Plata City. The fungus identification was performed based on its cultural characteristics. Anatomical and chemical studies were performed in attacked and sound heartwood. For the LM observations the samples were fixed in FAA and embedded in Paraplast. The unstained sections were used to detect loss of birefringence (cellulolysis indicator). The MEB observations were made on samples mounted on stubs and covered with gold. For the chemical analysis FT-IR was used. The relationships between the absorbance levels corresponding to different chemical functional groups of the polymers of the attacked wood versus those obtained in control samples were estimated. The features of the pure cultures corresponded to L. sulphureus. The attacked wood presented brown discoloration, cubic pattern of fractures, abundant mycelium and chlamydospores. With LM and MEB it was observed: generalized tissue deformation; fractures; collapse of fibers; mycelium in vessels, rays and fractures; perforation in tyloses; eroded pits and complete loss of birefringence in fibers. Chemically, both the degradation of the carbohydrates over the lignin and the preferential attack of the guayacil units of the aromatic polymer were noticeable.
Robinia pseudoacacia is recognized worldwide for its aesthetic importance and so cultivated in urban environments. The objective of this paper was to: identify the fungus responsible for the rot of Robinia pseudoacacia heartwood and analyze the anatomical and chemical alterations it causes in the wood. The samples were obained from trees growing in public spaces of La Plata City. The fungus identification was performed based on its cultural characteristics. Anatomical and chemical studies were performed in attacked and sound heartwood. For the LM observations the samples were fixed in FAA and embedded in Paraplast. The unstained sections were used to detect loss of birefringence (cellulolysis indicator). The MEB observations were made on samples mounted on stubs and covered with gold. For the chemical analysis FT-IR was used. The relationships between the absorbance levels corresponding to different chemical functional groups of the polymers of the attacked wood versus those obtained in control samples were estimated. The features of the pure cultures corresponded to L. sulphureus. The attacked wood presented brown discoloration, cubic pattern of fractures, abundant mycelium and chlamydospores. With LM and MEB it was observed: generalized tissue deformation; fractures; collapse of fibers; mycelium in vessels, rays and fractures; perforation in tyloses; eroded pits and complete loss of birefringence in fibers. Chemically, both the degradation of the carbohydrates over the lignin and the preferential attack of the guayacil units of the aromatic polymer were noticeable.
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