Injerencia y autonomía: La infraestructura contrainsurgente y sus usos en el vínculo entre Estados Unidos y El Salvador (1962-1967)

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04/2026
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Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero
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Revista de Estudios sobre Genocidio
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2362-3985
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El artículo analiza la instalación de una infraestructura contrainsurgente en El Salvador a inicios de la década de 1960, impulsada por Estados Unidos, y su posterior utilización por parte del gobierno salvadoreño durante el período 1962–1967. A partir de este objetivo, se busca demostrar que, si bien Estados Unidos desempeñó un papel decisivo en la configuración inicial de los aparatos contrainsurgentes, su capacidad de determinar el uso posterior de dichos recursos fue limitada. Estos se orientaron a objetivos definidos localmente –como el control de la oposición política y los sindicatos- más que a la eliminación de la insurgencia armada. Para ello, se analizan documentos desclasificados del gobierno estadounidense -lo que permite reconstruir diagnósticos, recomendaciones y formas de intervención norteamericana- y publicaciones de instituciones militares salvadoreñas -que aportan acceso a las apropiaciones locales de la doctrina contrainsurgente-.
The article analyzes the establishment of a counterinsurgency infrastructure in El Salvador in the early 1960s, promoted by the United States, and its subsequent use by the Salvadoran government during the period 1962–1967. Building on this objective, it seeks to demonstrate that, although the United States played a decisive role in shaping the initial configuration of counterinsurgency apparatuses, its capacity to determine the subsequent use of these resources was limited. Instead, they were oriented toward locally defined objectives—such as the stabilization of the political order and electoral control—rather than the elimination of armed insurgency. To this end, the article examines declassified documents from the U.S. government—which make it possible to reconstruct American diagnoses, recommendations, and forms of intervention—as well as publications from Salvadoran military institutions, which provide insight into local appropriations of counterinsurgency doctrine.
The article analyzes the establishment of a counterinsurgency infrastructure in El Salvador in the early 1960s, promoted by the United States, and its subsequent use by the Salvadoran government during the period 1962–1967. Building on this objective, it seeks to demonstrate that, although the United States played a decisive role in shaping the initial configuration of counterinsurgency apparatuses, its capacity to determine the subsequent use of these resources was limited. Instead, they were oriented toward locally defined objectives—such as the stabilization of the political order and electoral control—rather than the elimination of armed insurgency. To this end, the article examines declassified documents from the U.S. government—which make it possible to reconstruct American diagnoses, recommendations, and forms of intervention—as well as publications from Salvadoran military institutions, which provide insight into local appropriations of counterinsurgency doctrine.
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