Comparar en Antropología: Esbozo de un mapa
; Koberwein, Adrián Sigfrido 
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01/2022
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Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Trabajo Social
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2452-4751
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En el presente artículo reflexionamos sobre los alcances y límites de la comparación en antropología social y cultural. El objetivo es aportar a los debates sobre el estatus epistemológico y analítico de la comparación en la producción de conocimiento sobre la vida social y cultural. Para ello, nos centramos, específicamente, en el problema de la comparación en antropología desde su constitución, si bien también consideramos algunas ideas que, desde la historiografía, la sociología y las ciencias políticas, han sido recibidas con entusiasmo por esta disciplina. A lo largo de un recorrido por las variantes más destacadas que asumió la comparación en antropología desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días, y en un intento de exponer así la riqueza teórica, epistemológica y metodológica, proponemos una praxis alternativa a los métodos considerados como objetivos que exigen la determinación precisa de la conmensurabilidad al momento de comparar. Afirmamos que tales concepciones del método comparativo solo son posibles al costo de abstracciones, reducciones y reificaciones que nos alejan de los procesos que animan la vida social y que son, en definitiva, el objeto de reflexión de las ciencias sociales en general y de la antropología en particular. En síntesis, si un método nos empuja a hacer caso omiso de lo real, más vale no darle tanta importancia, sino solo la que realmente merece: la de ser una opción entre muchas otras.
In this article we reflect on the scope and limits of comparison in social and cultural anthropology. Its aim is to contribute to the debates on the epistemological and analytical status of comparison within the production of knowledge about social and cultural life. We focus on the problem of comparison in anthropology since its disciplinary constitution, although drawing on certain ideas that stem from history, sociology, and political science that have been enthusiastically received by anthropologists. Throughout a journey towards the most outstanding variants assumed by comparison in anthropology –from the 19th century to the present day– intending to expose the theoretical, epistemological, and methodological richness contained in such diversity, we propose an alternative praxis to that based on the assumed objectivity of methods that requires a precise determination of commensurability when comparing. We argue that such conceptions of the comparative method are only possible at the cost of abstractions, reductions, and reifications, which distance us from the processes that animate social life ––being at the end, the objects of reflection of social sciences in general, and of anthropology in particular. In brief, if any method pushes us to ignore reality, we should not care much about it; we shall give it the importance that deserves, of being one option among others.
In this article we reflect on the scope and limits of comparison in social and cultural anthropology. Its aim is to contribute to the debates on the epistemological and analytical status of comparison within the production of knowledge about social and cultural life. We focus on the problem of comparison in anthropology since its disciplinary constitution, although drawing on certain ideas that stem from history, sociology, and political science that have been enthusiastically received by anthropologists. Throughout a journey towards the most outstanding variants assumed by comparison in anthropology –from the 19th century to the present day– intending to expose the theoretical, epistemological, and methodological richness contained in such diversity, we propose an alternative praxis to that based on the assumed objectivity of methods that requires a precise determination of commensurability when comparing. We argue that such conceptions of the comparative method are only possible at the cost of abstractions, reductions, and reifications, which distance us from the processes that animate social life ––being at the end, the objects of reflection of social sciences in general, and of anthropology in particular. In brief, if any method pushes us to ignore reality, we should not care much about it; we shall give it the importance that deserves, of being one option among others.
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