Orquidopexia tardía en niños con criptorquidia y aumento del riesgo de cáncer testicular

Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2018
Editorial
Asociación de Profesionales del Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez
Revista
Revista del Hospital de Niños
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0521-517X
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ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
La criptorquidia se define como la falta de descenso a la porción inferior del escroto de uno o ambos testículos. Constituye el trastorno endocrinológico más frecuente en el varón y puede formar parte de enfermedades sindrómicas diversas o presentarse de manera aislada. La criptorquidia es un reconocido factor de riesgo asociado a infertilidad y cáncer testicular en la adultez. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre el momento óptimo para efectuar la orquidopexia y así disminuir el riesgo de cáncer testicular. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases norteamericana Medline y latinoamericana Lilacs con el objetivo de analizar la evidencia existente sobre el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer testicular asociado a una orquidopexia tardía en pacientes con antecedente de criptorquidia. Para llevar a cabo la búsqueda utilizamos las siguientes palabras claves: “Cryptorchidism”, “Testicular neoplasm” y “Orchidopexy”. Luego de filtrar y analizar los trabajos hallados, cuatro cumplieron con todos los criterios de la búsqueda. Esta revisión sistemática nos permite concluir que los pacientes con antecedente de criptorquidia presentan un riesgo incrementado de cáncer testicular y que dicho riesgo se incrementa a medida que la corrección de la criptorquidia se posterga, aunque se realice antes del inicio puberal.
Cryptorchidism is defined as the lack of testicular descent to the lower part of the scrotum and can involve one or both testicles. It represents the most frequent endocrine disease in male children and it can occur as an isolated disorder or as a syndromic disease feature. Cryptorchidism is a highly recognized risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer in adulthood. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the ideal time for orchidopexy aimed to decrease testicular cancer risk. We developed a systematic review of the literature through two databases: the North American Medline and the Latin American Lilacs to analyse the available evidence up to now about testicular cancer risk linked to delayed orchidopexy in patients with cryptorchidism. We used “Cryptorchidism”, “Testicular neoplasm” and “Orchidopexy” as key words to conduct our search. We then filtered and evaluated the articles matching our search and four of them fulfilled the search criteria. This systematic review allows us to conclude that there is an increased risk for testicular cancer in patients with cryptorchidism and that risk is higher when treatment is delayed despite being accomplished before puberty.
Cryptorchidism is defined as the lack of testicular descent to the lower part of the scrotum and can involve one or both testicles. It represents the most frequent endocrine disease in male children and it can occur as an isolated disorder or as a syndromic disease feature. Cryptorchidism is a highly recognized risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer in adulthood. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the ideal time for orchidopexy aimed to decrease testicular cancer risk. We developed a systematic review of the literature through two databases: the North American Medline and the Latin American Lilacs to analyse the available evidence up to now about testicular cancer risk linked to delayed orchidopexy in patients with cryptorchidism. We used “Cryptorchidism”, “Testicular neoplasm” and “Orchidopexy” as key words to conduct our search. We then filtered and evaluated the articles matching our search and four of them fulfilled the search criteria. This systematic review allows us to conclude that there is an increased risk for testicular cancer in patients with cryptorchidism and that risk is higher when treatment is delayed despite being accomplished before puberty.
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