Perú, entre la crisis orgánica y las élites políticas capturadas: un ensayo sociohistórico

Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2023
Editorial
Universidad de Alicante
Revista
Disjuntiva-Crítica de les Ciències Socials
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
2659-7071
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La inestabilidad social y política que atraviesa Perú desde diciembre de 2022 cuando el expresidente Pedro Castillo Terrones fue destituido de su cargo por el Congreso, es resultado de una larga crisis de institucionalidad que erosiona la democracia del país andino desde hace, por lo menos, seis años, pero que hunde sus raíces en el orden neoliberal estatuido por el fujimorismo. El proceso de neoliberalización por vía autoritaria que se consolidó durante el mandato de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) generó las condiciones de posibilidad de un régimen frágil, excluyente y susceptible a la captura de intereses privados. Asimismo, en esta coyuntura emergieron elementos estructurales originados en los procesos de centralización estatal decimonónicos que configuraron el Estado nación. Este artículo explora la actual crisis peruana desde un enfoque sociohistórico para identificar los elementos de mediana y larga duración que permiten comprender la especificidad de este escenario más allá de un análisis acontecimental. El análisis delas condiciones sociohistóricas que condujeron a la actual crisis permite advertir un conjunto de elementos estructurales relativos a dos coyunturas críticas: 1. el proceso de centralización estatal; 2. la neoliberalización por vía autoritaria. Al mismo tiempo, busca evidenciar que la criminalización de las comunidades indígenas e indígeno-campesinas, la represión de la protesta social y lamilitarización constituyen estrategias de autopreservación de las élites económicas y políticas para sostener la institucionalidad neoliberal. Estas estrategias son expresión de capas acumuladasde violencias, racismo y subordinación de las clases dominantes limeñas frente a las comunidades de serranas y selváticas.
The social and political instability that Peru has been going through since December 2022, when former President Pedro Castillo Terrones was removed from office by Congress, is the result of a long institutional crisis that has eroded the Andean country's democracy for at least six years years but which sinks its roots in the neoliberal order established by Fujimori. The process of authoritarian neoliberalization that was consolidated during the mandate of Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) generated the conditions for the possibility of a fragile, exclusive regime that was susceptible to the capture of private interests. Likewise, at this juncture, structural elements emerged originating from the nineteenth-century state centralization processes that shaped the nation state. This article explores the current Peruvian crisis from a sociohistorical approach to identify the elements of medium and long duration that allow us to understand the specificity of this scenario beyond an eventual analysis. The analysis of the socio-historical conditions that led to the current crisis allows us to notice a set of structural elements related to two critical junctures: 1. the process of state centralization; 2. Neoliberalization through authoritarian means. At the same time, it seeks to show that the criminalization of indigenous and indigenous-campesino communities, the repression of social protest, and militarization constitute self-preservation strategies of the economic and political elites to sustain neoliberal institutions. These strategies are an expression of accumulated layers of violence, racism, and subordination of the Lima ruling classes in the face of the mountainous and jungle communities.
The social and political instability that Peru has been going through since December 2022, when former President Pedro Castillo Terrones was removed from office by Congress, is the result of a long institutional crisis that has eroded the Andean country's democracy for at least six years years but which sinks its roots in the neoliberal order established by Fujimori. The process of authoritarian neoliberalization that was consolidated during the mandate of Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) generated the conditions for the possibility of a fragile, exclusive regime that was susceptible to the capture of private interests. Likewise, at this juncture, structural elements emerged originating from the nineteenth-century state centralization processes that shaped the nation state. This article explores the current Peruvian crisis from a sociohistorical approach to identify the elements of medium and long duration that allow us to understand the specificity of this scenario beyond an eventual analysis. The analysis of the socio-historical conditions that led to the current crisis allows us to notice a set of structural elements related to two critical junctures: 1. the process of state centralization; 2. Neoliberalization through authoritarian means. At the same time, it seeks to show that the criminalization of indigenous and indigenous-campesino communities, the repression of social protest, and militarization constitute self-preservation strategies of the economic and political elites to sustain neoliberal institutions. These strategies are an expression of accumulated layers of violence, racism, and subordination of the Lima ruling classes in the face of the mountainous and jungle communities.
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by-nc-sa
