Lo que invocar la figura del Rey y la justicia regia significaba (y lo que no) Monarquismo popular en Charcas tardocolonial

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Fecha
06/2019
Editorial
Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Historia
Revista
Varia História
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ISSN
0104-8775
eISSN
1982-4343
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Español
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Resumen
El artículo explora las expresiones de monarquismo popular entre sectores indígenas y plebeyos urbanos en Charcas a fines del siglo XVIII. Analiza los fundamentos ideológicos de acciones colectivas, representaciones simbólicas y prácticas políticas que invocaban la imagen del rey. Se basa en eventos tales como las grandes rebeliones tupamaristas y kataristas, varias protestas en La Plata (hoy Sucre) en la década de 1780 y el levantamiento de la ciudad en 25 de Mayo de 1809. El argumento central es que en Hispanoamérica colonial el Rey era un significante vacío. En la medida que carecía de todos los atributos materiales asociados a magistrados y organismos de gobierno, podía ser evocado para transmitir aquiescencia al orden establecido tanto como para subvertir radicalmente las relaciones de poder en el que ese orden su fundaba. Por consiguiente, las implicancias profundas del legitimismo monárquico no debieran ser inferidas de los pronunciamientos formales y las declaraciones de principios sino del contexto político de las acciones colectivas y su inscripción en la esfera pública.
The article addresses expressions of popular monarchism among Indians and urban groups in late colonial Charcas. It explores the ideological underpinnings of collective actions, symbolic representations, and political practices that invoked the King´s image. It draws from various historical events such as the Tupac Amaru and Katarista indigenous rebellions, popular protests in the city of La Plata (present-day Sucre) in the 1780s, and the Charcas uprising of May 25, 1809. The central argument is that in Spanish America the king was an empty signifier. As the King's image lacked all the material and symbolic attributes associated with government officials and bodies, it could be deployed to convey compliance to the existing political order as well as to subvert in radical ways the relations of power on which that order was predicted. Therefore, the profound implications of monarchical legitimacy cannot be inferred exclusively from formal statements, programs, and declarations of principles but from the political nature of the collective practices and their inscription into the public sphere. Keywords popular monarchism, colonialism, Charcas, political history
The article addresses expressions of popular monarchism among Indians and urban groups in late colonial Charcas. It explores the ideological underpinnings of collective actions, symbolic representations, and political practices that invoked the King´s image. It draws from various historical events such as the Tupac Amaru and Katarista indigenous rebellions, popular protests in the city of La Plata (present-day Sucre) in the 1780s, and the Charcas uprising of May 25, 1809. The central argument is that in Spanish America the king was an empty signifier. As the King's image lacked all the material and symbolic attributes associated with government officials and bodies, it could be deployed to convey compliance to the existing political order as well as to subvert in radical ways the relations of power on which that order was predicted. Therefore, the profound implications of monarchical legitimacy cannot be inferred exclusively from formal statements, programs, and declarations of principles but from the political nature of the collective practices and their inscription into the public sphere. Keywords popular monarchism, colonialism, Charcas, political history
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