Perspectivas clásicas y contemporáneas acerca de la memoria
; Justel, Nadia
; Bentosela, Mariana 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2009
Editorial
Konrad Lorenz Fundación Universitaria
Revista
Suma Psicologica
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2145-9797
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Español
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Resumen
Los seres humanos organizan los acontecimientos pasados como “memorias”, es decir, todo lo que aprenden se codifica y almacena en el cerebro, y de esta manera guardan la información del entorno para adaptarse mejor a situaciones futuras. Las principales investigaciones sobre el estudio de la memoria se llevaron a cabo en la década del 70, y las conclusiones más importantes derivaron por un lado, de la experimentación animal, y por otro, del estudio de los casos clínicos de pacientes amnésicos. Se plantearon numerosos sistemas de clasificación de la memoria. En primer lugar, es necesario destacar que una de las diferenciaciones más importantes se realiza entre las etapas implicadas en el proceso de formación de la memoria: la memoria a corto plazo y largo plazo. En segunda instancia, otra de las distinciones se realiza entre la memoria declarativa y la no declarativa. Finalmente, la memoria debe ser evaluada sistemáticamente, tanto conductual como farmacológicamente, en distintos momentos para poder estudiar la memoria a corto plazo, la conversión de memoria a corto plazo a memoria a largo plazo y la memoria a largo plazo, de manera independiente. Estos estudios permiten conocer los efectos de las drogas sobre la memoria y los mecanismos moleculares implicados. Además, se hace referencia a las estructuras cerebrales implicadas en los diferentes fenómenos evaluados.
Humans organize past events as “memories”, i.e. what we learn is encoded and stored in the brain, and by accumulating relevant environmental information we better cope with similar situations in the future. The main research on memory began in the 70s and the most important conclusions have been derived, on the one hand, from animal experiments, and on the other hand, from clinical studies of amnesic patients. Many classification systems of memory have been proposed. First, authors have distinguished among the different phases involved in the process of memory formation: short-term and long-term memory. Second, declarative and non-declarative memories have been recognized. Last, researchers have conceived the need to evaluate memory in a systematic manner through behavioral as well as pharmacological means, in different moments or times to be able to have independent access to the study of the different memory phases or types of memory. This approach to the study of memory has allowed evaluating drug effects on memory and also understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in memory processes. In addition, this research has also aimed at studying brain regions implicated in the diverse memory phenomena under investigation.
Humans organize past events as “memories”, i.e. what we learn is encoded and stored in the brain, and by accumulating relevant environmental information we better cope with similar situations in the future. The main research on memory began in the 70s and the most important conclusions have been derived, on the one hand, from animal experiments, and on the other hand, from clinical studies of amnesic patients. Many classification systems of memory have been proposed. First, authors have distinguished among the different phases involved in the process of memory formation: short-term and long-term memory. Second, declarative and non-declarative memories have been recognized. Last, researchers have conceived the need to evaluate memory in a systematic manner through behavioral as well as pharmacological means, in different moments or times to be able to have independent access to the study of the different memory phases or types of memory. This approach to the study of memory has allowed evaluating drug effects on memory and also understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in memory processes. In addition, this research has also aimed at studying brain regions implicated in the diverse memory phenomena under investigation.
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