Saberes expertos y profanos en torno a las epidemias de fiebre amarilla y cólera en Buenos Aires (1867-1871)

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05/2018
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Academia Nacional de la Historia
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Investigaciones y Ensayos
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2545-7055
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A mediados del siglo XIX, los médicos diplomados constituían una profesión cuyo campo de saberes era ampliamente compartido con otros. Curanderos, matronas, herboristas, vendedores ambulantes, homeópatas y farmacéuticos ofrecían en distinto grado e incidencia un repertorio diverso de saberes y prácticas para curar las dolencias, y, en líneas generales, eran más aceptados por la comunidad que los recetados por los médicos profesionales. Sin embargo, esta convivencia relativamente pacífica entre dos esferas del campo de la salud, se modificaba en períodos epidémicos. La medicina profesional era seleccionada por las autoridades como la vía exclusiva para detectar y tratar a los casos enfermos, al mismo tiempo que para proveer certificados de defunción y tomar medidas como el cierre de establecimientos públicos (entre muchas otras actividades), otorgándole mayor visibilidad y poder por sobre otras prácticas. Sin embargo, a la par de este un lugar privilegiado, todo un cuerpo de saberes y prácticas populares desafiaba este saber diplomado, generando caminos alternativos para curar a los porteños enfermos.
In the middle of the XIX century, the physicians constituted a profession whose field of knowledge was widely shared with others. Empirics, midwives, herbalists, quacks, homeopaths and pharmacists offered a different repertoire of knowledge and practices to cure the ailments and, in general, they were more accepted by the community than those prescribed by professional doc-tors. However, this relatively peaceful coexistence between two spheres of the health field was modified in epidemic periods. Professional medicine was selected by the authorities as the exclusive way to detect and treat sick cases, at the same time as providing death certificates, taking measures such as the closure of public places, among other activities, giving it greater visibility and power. This choice gave professional doctors a privileged place, however, along with them a whole body of knowledge and popular practices challenged this knowledge, creating alternative paths to healing the sick people of Buenos Aires.
In the middle of the XIX century, the physicians constituted a profession whose field of knowledge was widely shared with others. Empirics, midwives, herbalists, quacks, homeopaths and pharmacists offered a different repertoire of knowledge and practices to cure the ailments and, in general, they were more accepted by the community than those prescribed by professional doc-tors. However, this relatively peaceful coexistence between two spheres of the health field was modified in epidemic periods. Professional medicine was selected by the authorities as the exclusive way to detect and treat sick cases, at the same time as providing death certificates, taking measures such as the closure of public places, among other activities, giving it greater visibility and power. This choice gave professional doctors a privileged place, however, along with them a whole body of knowledge and popular practices challenged this knowledge, creating alternative paths to healing the sick people of Buenos Aires.
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