Physicochemical and Functional Characterization of Potato Starch ( Solanum Tuberosum ssp. Andigenum ) from the Quebrada De Humahuaca , Argentina

Abstract

The physicochemical properties of starches of 16 Andean potato genotypes from the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, are studied and possible applications are evaluated. Moisture, protein, ash, phosphorus, amylose/amylopectin ratio, particle size, swelling power, water absorption index, solubility index, syneresis, turbidity, thermal properties, gelatinization, retrogradation, and their corresponding enthalpies are determined. The analysis of principal components allowed obtaining groups of varieties with similar properties. Four groups of genotypes are obtained: one group is characterized by high gelatinization temperatures, so it can be used for products that require high processing temperatures; the second, with greater swelling power, can be applied in products that require water retention; other can be used in the production of edible film because it has higher amylose content which improves its mechanical properties; the latter is characterized by having a high stability and lower syneresis which indicates it is possible to use in processes that require refrigeration and freezing. The information obtained in this study can be useful for the production of potatoes with differentiated characteristics of their starches and with the possibility to be applied both in food and in non‐food products.