First Report of Hemiclitores in Females of South American Liolaemid Lizards
; Valdecantos, Maria Soledad 
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01/2014
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Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
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Journal of Herpetology
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0022-1511
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Los estudios de los órganos copuladores de Squamata estuvieron restringidos a la morfología de los hemipenes hasta que Böhme reportó la presencia de estructuras pareadas homologas a la de los machos, a las que llamó hemiclitoris. Nosotros reportamos la presencia de hemiclitoris en las hembras del género Phymaturus y en dos especies del género Liolaemus así como observaciones sobre la variación interespecífica en la morfología de los hemipenes de Phymaturus. Phymaturus y Liolaemus pertenecen a Liolaemidae, una familia de lagartijas muy diversa, para los cuales las investigaciones en la morfología de los hemipenes son escasas y limitadas a unas pocas especies. En todas las especies revisadas encontramos el músculo retractor clitoridis magnus pero no el transversus penis. La estructura general de los hemiclitoris de las hembras de Phymaturus y Liolaemus, se asemeja a la descrita para otras especies de Squamata; son más pequeñas que los hemipenes y exhiben un sulcus spermaticus. La variación encontrada en diferentes características de estos órganos (forma, tamaño, pigmentación), así como la morfología general de hemipenes, debe ser estudiada más extensamente incluyendo un mayor número de especies. Estos resultados contribuyen con el reporte y la descripción de estructuras que son aún poco conocidas en los grandes grupos de Squamata, y soporta la idea que los hemiclitoris deben ser consideramos una apomorfia de Squamata.
Studies about copulatory organs in Squamata were restricted to the morphology of hemipenes until Böhme (1995) reported homologous paired structures in females of a species of Varanus, which he called hemiclitores. We report the presence of hemiclitores in females of Phymaturus and of two species of Liolaemus and describe observations on the interspecific variation in hemipenis morphology in Phymaturus. Phymaturus and Liolaemus belong to Liolaemidae, a species-rich family of lizards; research about hemipenis morphology is scarce and limited to a few species of those genera.We found the retractor clitoridis magnus in all the species analyzed; however, the transverse penis was not present in all of them. The general structure of hemiclitores of Phymaturus and Liolaemus females resembled that described for other squamate species; they were smaller than hemipenes and exhibited a sulcus spermaticus. The variation found in different features of these organs (shape, size, pigmentation), as well as the general morphology of hemipenes, should be studied more extensively in more species. These results contribute to the description of structures that are still poorly known in the large groups of Squamata, and support to idea that hemiclitores should be considered an apomorphy of Squamata (Böhme, 1995).
Studies about copulatory organs in Squamata were restricted to the morphology of hemipenes until Böhme (1995) reported homologous paired structures in females of a species of Varanus, which he called hemiclitores. We report the presence of hemiclitores in females of Phymaturus and of two species of Liolaemus and describe observations on the interspecific variation in hemipenis morphology in Phymaturus. Phymaturus and Liolaemus belong to Liolaemidae, a species-rich family of lizards; research about hemipenis morphology is scarce and limited to a few species of those genera.We found the retractor clitoridis magnus in all the species analyzed; however, the transverse penis was not present in all of them. The general structure of hemiclitores of Phymaturus and Liolaemus females resembled that described for other squamate species; they were smaller than hemipenes and exhibited a sulcus spermaticus. The variation found in different features of these organs (shape, size, pigmentation), as well as the general morphology of hemipenes, should be studied more extensively in more species. These results contribute to the description of structures that are still poorly known in the large groups of Squamata, and support to idea that hemiclitores should be considered an apomorphy of Squamata (Böhme, 1995).
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