De la acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas a la planificación geoestacionaria en la Argentina

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Fecha
2020-11-11
Editorial
Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Revista
Ciencia y Poder Aéreo
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1909-7050
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Español
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Resumen
En los últimos 25 años, la Argentina alcanzó una relevante serie de hitos tecnológicos al diseñar y construir satélites propios, entre ellos, cuatro en cooperación con la nasa, dos que llevan la antena de radar más grande puesta en un satélite con fines civiles, y dos geoestacionarios de telecomunicaciones. En el 2015 el Congreso de la Nación Argentina promulgó una ley que aprueba y declara de interés nacional el ?Plan Satelital Geoestacionario Argentino 2015-2035?, el cual incluye un plan de construcción de satélites geoestacionarios de telecomunicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en qué medida la ley aprobada por el Congreso posibilita la preservación de las capacidades tecnológicas acumuladas en materia espacial, o tiene capacidad para hacerlo a futuro. La metodología empleada para alcanzar dicho objetivo consistió en una revisión de la literatura existente sobre la industria satelital argentina, entrevistas semiestructuradas a referentes del ecosistema en distintas ciudades de la Argentina, y el estudio de la ley y el resto de la normativa vigente. A partir del análisis de aspectos técnicos y económicos de la ley, y de los desvíos existentes a julio del 2020 respecto de la cronología de construcción de satélites programada en su anexo, este trabajo encuentra que su incumplimiento es un factor que pone en peligro recursos muy valiosos, como son las posiciones orbitales geoestacionarias, o las capacidades tecnológicas acumuladas sobre la base de los desarrollos nucleares iniciados a finales de la década del 40. Así mismo, se encontró que la ley carece de criterios que incorporen la dinámica tecnológica y económica fluctuante del sector. A modo de conclusión, se discuten las implicaciones de la ley para el sector y, se propone una serie de elementos a considerar en la actualización prevista para el plan de construcción de satélites.
During the last 25 years, Argentina has reached a relevant series of technological milestones by designing and building its own satellites, including four in cooperation with NASA, two that carry the largest radar antenna placed on a satellite for civil purposes, and two geostationary telecommunications satellites. In 2015, the Congress of the Argentine Nation enacted a law that approved and declared the “Argentine Geostationary Satellite Plan 2015-2035” as a matter of national interest. The Law includes a plan for the construction of geostationary telecommunications satellites. The objective of this paper is to analyze to what extent the Law approved by Congress enables the preservation of accumulated technological capabilities in the space sector or has the capacity to do so in the future. The methodology used to achieve this objective consisted of a review of the existing literature on the Argentine satellite industry, semi-structured interviews with referents of the ecosystem in different cities of Argentina, and the study of the law and current regulations. Based on the analysis of the technical and economic aspects of the law, and the existing deviations as of July 2020 with respect to the satellite construction chronology programmed in its annex, this paper finds that non-compliance is a factor that endangers highly valuable resources such as geostationary orbital positions or the techno-logical capabilities accumulated on the basis of the nuclear developments initiated in the late 1940s. In addition, it was found that the law lacks criteria that incorporate the fluctuating technological and economic dynamics of the sector. To conclude, the paper discusses the implications of this law for the sector and proposes a series of elements to consider in the prearranged updating of the satellite construction plan.
During the last 25 years, Argentina has reached a relevant series of technological milestones by designing and building its own satellites, including four in cooperation with NASA, two that carry the largest radar antenna placed on a satellite for civil purposes, and two geostationary telecommunications satellites. In 2015, the Congress of the Argentine Nation enacted a law that approved and declared the “Argentine Geostationary Satellite Plan 2015-2035” as a matter of national interest. The Law includes a plan for the construction of geostationary telecommunications satellites. The objective of this paper is to analyze to what extent the Law approved by Congress enables the preservation of accumulated technological capabilities in the space sector or has the capacity to do so in the future. The methodology used to achieve this objective consisted of a review of the existing literature on the Argentine satellite industry, semi-structured interviews with referents of the ecosystem in different cities of Argentina, and the study of the law and current regulations. Based on the analysis of the technical and economic aspects of the law, and the existing deviations as of July 2020 with respect to the satellite construction chronology programmed in its annex, this paper finds that non-compliance is a factor that endangers highly valuable resources such as geostationary orbital positions or the techno-logical capabilities accumulated on the basis of the nuclear developments initiated in the late 1940s. In addition, it was found that the law lacks criteria that incorporate the fluctuating technological and economic dynamics of the sector. To conclude, the paper discusses the implications of this law for the sector and proposes a series of elements to consider in the prearranged updating of the satellite construction plan.
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