Fetal-Maternal Unit

Abstract

Human pregnancy is a complex and regulated process where two genetically distinct organisms, the mother and fetus connect. The mother and the fetus interact via the placenta, the fetal membranes, and the decidua establishing the fetal-maternal unit. The placental interface between the maternal and the fetal blood circulations performs critical functions of nutrient transport, gas exchange, hormone production, waste removal, and acts as an immunological barrier. Fetal membranes provide structural support for the growing fetus and are an essential organ in pregnancy and parturition. Establishment of the fetal-maternal unit is crucial for implantation, fetal development and growth, immune tolerance, and parturition.