Geología y petrología del cuerpo máfico - ultramáfico de Las Junta, Sierra de Valle Fértil, provincia de San Juan
; Tibaldi, Alina María
; Cristofolini, Eber Ariel 
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07/2012
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Asociación Geológica Argentina
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Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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0004-4822
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En el centro de la sierra de Valle Fértil aflora un cuerpo lenticular orientado en forma aproximada N-S que se encuentra encajado en un basamento ígneo de naturaleza máfica-ultramáfica. La morfología y posición actual de dicho cuerpo se debe a su emplazamiento tectónico, y la fábrica magmática interna presenta rumbo similar al del cuerpo y buzante al este. Las rocas que conforman el cuerpo de Las Juntas exponen una variedad litológica con las siguientes composiciones: norita olivínica, gabro anfibólico, dunita, gabronorita anfibólica y peridotita anfibólica piroxénica. Se caracterizan por presentar un encapado ígneo a escala de afloramiento y textura cumular a escala de muestra de mano, mientras que la microtextura predominante en estas rocas es de tipo coronítica. La relación cogenética entre las rocas máficas y ultramáficas de Las Juntas es determinada por la composición de silicatos de Mg y Fe presentes en ellas. El coeficiente de intercambio Fe-Mg entre olivino y clinopiroxeno con el líquido muestra un magma con una relación de #Mg (Mg/Mg + Fe+2) alrededor de 0,6; siendo inferior a la esperada para magmas generados en el manto peridotítico. Esto demuestra que el magma formador de estas rocas se habría originado en el manto litosférico, posteriormente ascendido y emplazado en niveles inferiores de la corteza (20 - 25 km). Este proceso petrológico es característico de magmatismo asociado a subducción, y relacionado al arco magmático Famatiniano.
An elongate body of mafic and ultramafic plutonic rock crops out in central Sierra de Valle Fértil. The igneous body was tectonically emplaced and its internal magmatic fabrics strike roughly north-south and dip to the east. Rocks in the body are different from their hosting plutonic rocks in showing a layered igneous structure associated with pristine cumulate textural features at all observational scales. The layered body is composed of gabbronorite cumulates, ultramafic cumulates, and massive plagioclase-rich cumulates. The cumulate gabbroic section largely consists of olivine gabbronorites interalyered with amphibole pyroxene gabbronorites and amphibole-bearing plagioclase-rich gabbros (anorthosites). The cumulate ultramafic banks are largely composed of peridotites and dunites that contain varying proportions of pyroxenes, chrome-rich spinels, amphibole and small proportion of plagioclase. The cogenetic relation between mafic and ultramafic rocks is inferred from the Mg-Fe silicates compositions among all these rocks. The Fe-Mg exchange coefficient olivine-liquid and clinopyroxene-liquid reflect that this magma had Mg/Mg + Fe+2 ratio of around 0.6; so that the magma had Mg/Mg + Fe+2 ratio lower than that of a peridotitic-mantle-derived primary magma. By implication, the main conclusion of this study is that primitive primary magmas originated at the lithospheric mantle - lower crust boundary zone ascended to feed chambers emplaced at upper levels within the lower crust (20 - 25 Km). This petrologic process is typical and characteristic of subduction-related magmatism, which in this case was related to the Famatinian arc.
An elongate body of mafic and ultramafic plutonic rock crops out in central Sierra de Valle Fértil. The igneous body was tectonically emplaced and its internal magmatic fabrics strike roughly north-south and dip to the east. Rocks in the body are different from their hosting plutonic rocks in showing a layered igneous structure associated with pristine cumulate textural features at all observational scales. The layered body is composed of gabbronorite cumulates, ultramafic cumulates, and massive plagioclase-rich cumulates. The cumulate gabbroic section largely consists of olivine gabbronorites interalyered with amphibole pyroxene gabbronorites and amphibole-bearing plagioclase-rich gabbros (anorthosites). The cumulate ultramafic banks are largely composed of peridotites and dunites that contain varying proportions of pyroxenes, chrome-rich spinels, amphibole and small proportion of plagioclase. The cogenetic relation between mafic and ultramafic rocks is inferred from the Mg-Fe silicates compositions among all these rocks. The Fe-Mg exchange coefficient olivine-liquid and clinopyroxene-liquid reflect that this magma had Mg/Mg + Fe+2 ratio of around 0.6; so that the magma had Mg/Mg + Fe+2 ratio lower than that of a peridotitic-mantle-derived primary magma. By implication, the main conclusion of this study is that primitive primary magmas originated at the lithospheric mantle - lower crust boundary zone ascended to feed chambers emplaced at upper levels within the lower crust (20 - 25 Km). This petrologic process is typical and characteristic of subduction-related magmatism, which in this case was related to the Famatinian arc.
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