Patriotas, humanistas o embusteros: misioneros e imaginación moral en el territorio chaqueño

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Fecha
04/2026
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Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales
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Sociedad y Religión
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0326-9795
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Este artículo explora el papel de los misioneros cristianos como actores clave en la historia de ocupación territorial, subalternidad indígena y formación estatal en el Gran Chaco argentino durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Lejos de actuar de forma aislada, las iniciativas misioneras catalizaron imaginarios morales y polí-ticos más amplios entre funcionarios públicos, colonos y científicos —en parti-cular, antropólogos— que interactuaron con su presencia o reaccionaron ante ella. Desde un enfoque histórico-antropológico, examino cómo los misioneros se convirtieron en objeto de debate, crítica y defensa en estos discursos interrela-cionados de emisarios gubernamentales, colonos y antropólogos. Lo que emerge es un complejo terreno de representaciones ambivalentes y contextualizadas que revelan imaginaciones morales divergentes sobre la acción misionera, su eficacia y posibilidad en el proyecto de transformación socio religiosa de las poblaciones indígenas.
This article explores the role of Christian missionaries as key actors in the history of territorial occupation, Indigenous subalternity, and state formation in Argentina's Gran Chaco during the first half of the 20th century. Far from acting in isolation, missionary initiatives catalyzed broader moral and political imaginaries among public officials, settlers, and scientists—particularly anthropologists— who interacted with or reacted to their presence. Drawing on a historicalanthropological lens, I examine how missionaries became objects of debate, critique, and defense in these interrelated discourses of government emissaries, settlers, and anthropologists. What emerges is a complex terrain of ambivalent and contextualized representations that reveal divergent moral imaginations about missionary action, its efficacy, and its potential in the project of socio-religious transformation of Indigenous populations.
This article explores the role of Christian missionaries as key actors in the history of territorial occupation, Indigenous subalternity, and state formation in Argentina's Gran Chaco during the first half of the 20th century. Far from acting in isolation, missionary initiatives catalyzed broader moral and political imaginaries among public officials, settlers, and scientists—particularly anthropologists— who interacted with or reacted to their presence. Drawing on a historicalanthropological lens, I examine how missionaries became objects of debate, critique, and defense in these interrelated discourses of government emissaries, settlers, and anthropologists. What emerges is a complex terrain of ambivalent and contextualized representations that reveal divergent moral imaginations about missionary action, its efficacy, and its potential in the project of socio-religious transformation of Indigenous populations.
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