Enfermedad renal crónica y falla renal por tratamiento con litio
; Martino, Diego Javier
; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo 
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Fecha
09/2017
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Vertex
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0327-6139
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Resumen
El litio fue aprobado para la terapéutica del trastorno bipolar en la década de 1970 y aún hoy se considera como una droga de primera línea para el tratamiento de esta patología. Teniendo en cuenta que el trastorno bipolar comienza frecuentemente entre los 15-35 años y requiere tratamiento a largo plazo, el monitoreo de los efectos adversos de los fármacos empleados es de fundamental importancia. En los últimos años se ha renovado el interés sobre el riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica y falla renal inducidas por litio, con hallazgos que sugieren que ambas complicaciones serían más frecuentes de que lo que se consideraba. Estos datos han llevado a cuestionar las medidas tradicionales de monitoreo de la función renal como los niveles de urea y creatinina plasmática, que muestran incrementos significativos sólo luego de que la tasa de filtración glomerular se redujo a la mitad. Datos preliminares han sugerido que ciertos biomarcadores de injuria renal, como la lipocalina asociada a la gelatinasa de neutrófilos urinaria, podrían ser indicadores más sensibles del daño renal. El empleo de nuevos biomarcadores que permitan una detección precoz del daño renal podría ser de gran utilidad para seguimiento de pacientes tratados con litio.
Lithium has been approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder since the 1970s and even today it is considered a first-line drug for the treatment of this disease. As bipolar disorder often begins between 15-35 years of age and requires long-term treatment, the assessment of the adverse effects of the drugs used is critical. Recently, there has been renewed interest on the risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure induced by lithium, with findings suggesting that both complications could be more frequent than previously considered. These data have led to question traditional measures of monitoring renal function such as levels of urea and creatinine, which show significant increases only after an important reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Preliminary data have suggested that certain biomarkers of kidney injury, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, may be more sensitive indicators of renal damage. The use of new biomarkers that allow early detection of kidney damage could be useful for the monitoring of patients treated with lithium.
Lithium has been approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder since the 1970s and even today it is considered a first-line drug for the treatment of this disease. As bipolar disorder often begins between 15-35 years of age and requires long-term treatment, the assessment of the adverse effects of the drugs used is critical. Recently, there has been renewed interest on the risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure induced by lithium, with findings suggesting that both complications could be more frequent than previously considered. These data have led to question traditional measures of monitoring renal function such as levels of urea and creatinine, which show significant increases only after an important reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Preliminary data have suggested that certain biomarkers of kidney injury, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, may be more sensitive indicators of renal damage. The use of new biomarkers that allow early detection of kidney damage could be useful for the monitoring of patients treated with lithium.
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