Inmunopatogénesis de las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y tratamientos con biológicos
; Muglia, Cecilia Isabel
; Chavero, Paula ; Docena, Guillermo H. 
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Fecha
05/2020
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Alergia e Inmunopatología
Revista
Autoinmunidad
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2545-6032
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Español
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Resumen
Las enfermedades inflamatorias gastrointestinales son patologías inflamatorias crónicas que presentan una patofisiología multifactorial y su etiología es poco conocida. Si bien se trata de un conjunto de desórdenes que afectan el tracto gastrointestinal, los más conocidos y caracterizados son la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa. No se conoce exactamente la patogénesis de las mismas, pero tienen en común que el proceso inflamatorio es consecuencia de una activación sostenida del sistema inmune asociado a la mucosa gastrointestinal, con la participación de células de la inmunidad innata y de la inmunidad adaptativa, básicamente linfocitos Th1 y Th17. En estas patologías se observa la alternancia de períodos de actividad inflamatoria o recaída y de remisión, desconociéndose las causas de este fenómeno. La mejor comprensión de este proceso es imprescindible para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias que permitan controlar la inflamación y el daño tisular, y restituir la homeostasis intestinal. Las terapias biológicas constituyen terapias emergentes, algunas de las cuales han mostrado ser altamente efectivas. Sin embargo, el alto porcentaje de pacientes no respondedores determina que se deban profundizar los estudios para desarrollar tratamientos más eficaces.
Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial and chronic inflammatory disorders with a partially unknown etiology. These pathologies comprise two welldefined diseases that mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract: the Crohn´s disease and Ulcerative colitis, among others. Although the pathogenic mechanisms have been thoroughly described, its origin is unknown. It is well characterized that the immune system associated with the gut is activated, and the sustained inflammation promotes the damage in the tissues. Immune cells from the innate (neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils) and adaptive (B and T lymphocytes-Th1 and Th17) effector immune arms are involved. It is a relapsing condition in which alternating periods of activation and remission are observed, and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. For the development of novel and promising therapies that reverse the inflammation and restore homeostasis, new insights on the immunopathogenic mechanisms should be unveiled. Biologics are widely used, and they have shown a high efficacy. Nevertheless, a high percentage of patients become non-responders, and hence new treatments should be developed.
Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial and chronic inflammatory disorders with a partially unknown etiology. These pathologies comprise two welldefined diseases that mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract: the Crohn´s disease and Ulcerative colitis, among others. Although the pathogenic mechanisms have been thoroughly described, its origin is unknown. It is well characterized that the immune system associated with the gut is activated, and the sustained inflammation promotes the damage in the tissues. Immune cells from the innate (neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils) and adaptive (B and T lymphocytes-Th1 and Th17) effector immune arms are involved. It is a relapsing condition in which alternating periods of activation and remission are observed, and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. For the development of novel and promising therapies that reverse the inflammation and restore homeostasis, new insights on the immunopathogenic mechanisms should be unveiled. Biologics are widely used, and they have shown a high efficacy. Nevertheless, a high percentage of patients become non-responders, and hence new treatments should be developed.
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