La Guerra y la Paz: Patrones de conflicto interpersonal en el noroeste de la Patagonia argentina durante el Holoceno

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04/2024
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Universidad de Magallanes
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Magallania
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0718-2244
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En este trabajo se analizan frecuencias de lesiones traumáticas en individuos procedentes de la provincia de Neuquén (N=37) correspondientes a distintos momentos del Holoceno (i.e., transiciónHoloceno medio-tardío, Holoceno tardío y momentos postcontacto). Asimismo, se analizan muestras de cráneos del área alojadas en diversas instituciones del mismo período (N=45). Los resultados indican niveles de violencia interpersonal desde comienzos de la secuencia temporal analizada que aumentan conforme se verifica un incremento demográfico (hacia los 2.000 años AP), particularmente en el área con mayor densidad poblacional estimada (i.e., centro-sur de Neuquén). Asimismo, se destaca la evidencia de violencia indirecta para momentos postcontacto con la sociedad colonial. En una escala espacial más amplia, se detecta que los niveles de conflicto en el NO de la Patagonia fueron mayores que aquellos registrados para el NE de la región. Para explicar la variación observada se propone la existencia de relaciones causales entre niveles de conflicto con factores demográficos y ecológicos. Finalmente, los resultados son interpretados a la luz de líneas de evidencia complementarias. Las relaciones de conflicto en el área no habrían sido disruptivas para los sistemas socioculturales hasta los últimos 200 años, momento en el que se llevaron a cabo campañas militares por parte del nuevo Estado Nacional.
In this work, frequencies of traumatic injuries in individuals from the province of Neuquén (N=37) corresponding to different moments of the Holocene (i.e., mid-late Holocene transition, late Holocene and post-contact moments) are analyzed. Likewise, samples of skulls from the area housed in various institutions from the same period are analyzed (N=45). The results indicate levels of interpersonal violence from the beginning of the temporal analyzed sequence that increase as a demographic increase occurs (around 2,000 years BP), particularly in the area with the highest estimated population density (i.e., central-southern Neuquén). In addition, the evidence of indirect violence stands out for moments after contact with colonial society. On a broader spatial scale, it is detected that the levels of conflict in the NW of Patagonia were higher than those recorded for the NE of the region. It is proposed the existence of causal relationships between conflict levels with demographic and ecological factors to explain the observed variation. Finally, the results are interpreted in light of complementary lines of evidence. The conflict relations in the area would not have been disruptive for the sociocultural systems until the last 200 years, when military campaigns were carried out by the new National State.
In this work, frequencies of traumatic injuries in individuals from the province of Neuquén (N=37) corresponding to different moments of the Holocene (i.e., mid-late Holocene transition, late Holocene and post-contact moments) are analyzed. Likewise, samples of skulls from the area housed in various institutions from the same period are analyzed (N=45). The results indicate levels of interpersonal violence from the beginning of the temporal analyzed sequence that increase as a demographic increase occurs (around 2,000 years BP), particularly in the area with the highest estimated population density (i.e., central-southern Neuquén). In addition, the evidence of indirect violence stands out for moments after contact with colonial society. On a broader spatial scale, it is detected that the levels of conflict in the NW of Patagonia were higher than those recorded for the NE of the region. It is proposed the existence of causal relationships between conflict levels with demographic and ecological factors to explain the observed variation. Finally, the results are interpreted in light of complementary lines of evidence. The conflict relations in the area would not have been disruptive for the sociocultural systems until the last 200 years, when military campaigns were carried out by the new National State.
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