El amor pasional en la Ética de Spinoza

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08/2016
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Red Argentina de Grupos de Investigación en Filosofía
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2451-6910
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En la Ética, Spinoza propondrá una definición original del amor, según la cual éste es una alegría acompañada por la idea de una causa exterior. Ésta viene a reemplazar a la del Tratado Breve -de características más tradicionales- según la cual el amor consiste en el goce y unión con un objeto. En esta obra, ya no son los objetos los que tienen un papel definitorio en las formas de amor, sino el grado de conocimiento bajo el cual el alma piensa la cosa amada. El foco deja de estar centrado en lo perecedero o imperecedero de las cosas amadas para pasar a fijarse en la inadecuación o adecuación de las ideas del sujeto amante. Por lo tanto, la especificidad del amor pasional no parece estar en la cualidad de sus objetos, sino en que éste tiene lugar cuando el individuo se guía únicamente por ideas inadecuadas. Los mecanismos de la imaginación son elementos fundamentales para dar cuenta del amor pasional; y los conflictos anímicos que éste genera pueden ser explicados a partir de su funcionamiento. Esta lectura también nos permitirá oponer al pasional un tipo de amor que surge del conocimiento adecuado, estableciendo una diferenciación al interior de este último, según se trate de ideas del segundo o del tercer género.
In the Ethics, Spinoza proposes an original definition of love, according to which it is a joy accompanied by the idea of an external cause. This definition replaces that one of the Short Treatise –of more traditional characteris - tics– according to which love is the enjoyment and union with an object. In the Ethics, the defi - nition of the types of love is no longer based on the loved objects, but on the kind of knowledge by which the soul thinks of the loved thing. The focus is no longer on the perishable or imper - ishable of the loved things, but is located in the inadequacy or adequacy of the lover’s ideas. Therefore, the specificity of passional love does not seem to be grounded in the quality of its objects, but in the fact that it takes place when the individual is guided only by inadequate ideas. The mechanisms of the imagination are funda - mental elements to give account of passional love, and the psychic conflicts it generates can be explained through their functioning. In addi - tion, this interpretation will allow us to oppose to passional love a kind of love that arises from adequate knowledge, making an internal differ - entiation within the latter, depending on whether it involves ideas of the second or the third kind of knowledge.
In the Ethics, Spinoza proposes an original definition of love, according to which it is a joy accompanied by the idea of an external cause. This definition replaces that one of the Short Treatise –of more traditional characteris - tics– according to which love is the enjoyment and union with an object. In the Ethics, the defi - nition of the types of love is no longer based on the loved objects, but on the kind of knowledge by which the soul thinks of the loved thing. The focus is no longer on the perishable or imper - ishable of the loved things, but is located in the inadequacy or adequacy of the lover’s ideas. Therefore, the specificity of passional love does not seem to be grounded in the quality of its objects, but in the fact that it takes place when the individual is guided only by inadequate ideas. The mechanisms of the imagination are funda - mental elements to give account of passional love, and the psychic conflicts it generates can be explained through their functioning. In addi - tion, this interpretation will allow us to oppose to passional love a kind of love that arises from adequate knowledge, making an internal differ - entiation within the latter, depending on whether it involves ideas of the second or the third kind of knowledge.
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