La teoría crítica de Herbert Marcuse: entre la revolución y la utopía

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Fecha
05/2022
Editorial
Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
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Razón Crítica
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2500-7807
eISSN
2539-5300
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Español
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Resumen
Herbert Marcuse es una de las figuras clave de la perspectiva de la Teoría Crítica dentro de las ciencias sociales y humanas, y uno de los grandes nombres asociados a la Escuela de Frankfurt. Las especificidades de su pensamiento, de fuerte tono “sesentista”, lo llevaron a reflexionar, más que sus colegas, sobre dos de los conceptos centrales de toda perspectiva crítica: “revolución” y “utopía”. Por ello, en este trabajo profundizaremos en esas dos conceptualizaciones lo cual nos permitirá concluir que su propuesta singular de teoría crítica de la sociedad contemporánea pendula entre ambos. Sistematizaremos las definiciones de estos conceptos teniendo en cuenta sus matices a lo largo de los diferentes textos y períodos de la obra marcusiana, viendo de qué modos se vinculan la revolución y la utopía desde su perspectiva. En el camino, nos toparemos con toda una familia de palabras como: “rebelión” y “revuelta”, “prerrevolución” y “contrarrevolución”, “crítica e imaginación”, “trascendencia empírica” y “proyección histórica”.
Herbert Marcuse is one of the key figures of Critical Theory in social and human sciences, and one of the great names associated with the Frankfurt School. The specifics of his thought, which has a strong “sixties” tone, led him to reflect, more than his colleagues, on two central concepts of any critical perspective: “revolution” and “utopia.” For this reason, this work delves into these two conceptualizations. Thanks to this, it can be concluded that his singular proposal of critical theory of contemporary society swings between the two. The definitions of these concepts will be systematized considering their nuances throughout different Marcusian texts and periods, to show the ways in which revolution and utopia are linked from his perspective. Along the way, we will come across a whole family of words such as: “rebellion”, “revolt”, “prerevolution”, “counterrevolution”, “criticism”, “imagination”, “empirical transcendence” and “historical projection”.
Herbert Marcuse is one of the key figures of Critical Theory in social and human sciences, and one of the great names associated with the Frankfurt School. The specifics of his thought, which has a strong “sixties” tone, led him to reflect, more than his colleagues, on two central concepts of any critical perspective: “revolution” and “utopia.” For this reason, this work delves into these two conceptualizations. Thanks to this, it can be concluded that his singular proposal of critical theory of contemporary society swings between the two. The definitions of these concepts will be systematized considering their nuances throughout different Marcusian texts and periods, to show the ways in which revolution and utopia are linked from his perspective. Along the way, we will come across a whole family of words such as: “rebellion”, “revolt”, “prerevolution”, “counterrevolution”, “criticism”, “imagination”, “empirical transcendence” and “historical projection”.
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