El valor infinito del individuo como fundamento de la filosofía política de Hegel

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02/2021
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Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de América Latina
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Resistances
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2737-6222
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La concepción social y política de Hegel ha sido no pocas veces interpretada como unadefensa de un estatismo autoritario en el que no hay lugar alguno para el individualismomoderno. En el presente artículo se defiende, por el contrario, la tesis que la tomade conciencia por parte del individuo de su valor y dignidad es la conclusión dela antropología filosófica de Hegel y, con ello, el principio y fundamento de toda sufilosofía política. El valor y dignidad del individuo radican para Hegel, más precisamente,en su libertad de autodeterminación. Las estructuras de interrelación personal queHegel desarrolla en la filosofía del derecho no son, pues, sino aquellas que ofrecen elmarco general para el ejercicio de la libertad de autodeterminación de cada individuo,es decir, en otros términos, las que garantizan la formación e interacción de agenteshumanos autónomos. La libertad como capacidad de autodeterminación no implica, sinembargo, que la meta del obrar deba ser que cada individuo haga lo que quiera. ParaHegel, el bien común no es un resultado necesario de la suma total de las acciones delos individuos destinadas a lograr su respectivo bien privado; precisamente por esto, elbien común debe ser un objetivo en sí mismo y debe haber una entidad específica quelo tenga como su meta, a saber: el Estado. El sentido mismo del Estado es para Hegel, enefecto, asegurar que todos y cada uno de los individuos que conforman la sociedad seconvierta en un agente autónomo y pueda ejercer su capacidad de autodeterminación.
Hegel´s social and political thought has been often been interpreted as a defense of authoritarian statism against modern individualism. In this paper I claim, on the contrary, that the value and dignity of the individual is the conclusion of Hegel´s philosophical anthropology and, thus, the principle and foundation of his entire political philosophy. The value and dignity of the individual rely, more precisely, on her freedom of selfdetermination. The different forms of personal interaction that Hegel develops in his philosophy of Right are thus those that offer the condition of possibility for the exercise of the freedom of self-determination of each individual. Freedom as the capacity to determine oneself does not imply, however, that the goal of human action should be that each individual does whatever she wants. Common good is not the necessary result of the sum of all the actions of the individuals in order to obtain their private well-being; precisely because that is not the case, the common good must be a goal in itself and there must exist a specific organization that takes it as its own goal, namely the State. Indeed, the whole meaning of the State is for Hegel to guarantee that all individuals in society become effectively autonomous agents and can exert their capacity of selfdetermination.
Hegel´s social and political thought has been often been interpreted as a defense of authoritarian statism against modern individualism. In this paper I claim, on the contrary, that the value and dignity of the individual is the conclusion of Hegel´s philosophical anthropology and, thus, the principle and foundation of his entire political philosophy. The value and dignity of the individual rely, more precisely, on her freedom of selfdetermination. The different forms of personal interaction that Hegel develops in his philosophy of Right are thus those that offer the condition of possibility for the exercise of the freedom of self-determination of each individual. Freedom as the capacity to determine oneself does not imply, however, that the goal of human action should be that each individual does whatever she wants. Common good is not the necessary result of the sum of all the actions of the individuals in order to obtain their private well-being; precisely because that is not the case, the common good must be a goal in itself and there must exist a specific organization that takes it as its own goal, namely the State. Indeed, the whole meaning of the State is for Hegel to guarantee that all individuals in society become effectively autonomous agents and can exert their capacity of selfdetermination.
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