Relación entre indicadores objetivos y subjetivos de la clase social desde una perspectiva psicológica
; Brussino, Silvina Alejandra
; Reyna, Cecilia 
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05/2024
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Universidad CES
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CES Psicología
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2011-3080
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Español
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En las últimas décadas, ha crecido el interés en el campo de la Psicología Social sobre los aspectos objetivos y subjetivos de la clase social y su asociación con otras variables psico-sociales. Así, en este trabajo nos propusimos analizar la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico (NSE), indicadores singulares del NSE (nivel educativo y ocupación), el nivel de ingresos familiares y el estatus social subjetivo (ESS), e indagar las diferencias en el ESS según el género, en una muestra de 442 ciudadanos del Gran Córdoba, Argentina de 18 a 64 años (M = 38.61, DE = 14.23). Mediante un estudio de tipo transversal, ex post facto retrospectivo, se condujeron análisis descriptivos, de asociación entre variables, de regresión y de comparación de grupos. Los resultados evidenciaron que, independientemente de su NSE, las personas percibieron tener un ESS medio (79%). Además, hallamos que la relación entre el NSE, el nivel de ingresos familiares, el nivel educativo, el tipo de ocupación con el ESS es estadísticamente significativa. En cuanto al modelo de regresión, el nivel de ingresos resultó ser el único indicador que se relacionó con el ESS. También, encontramos que las mujeres con un NSE bajo (Mdn = 5.00, R = 6.00) percibieron tener un ESS más elevado que los varones con NSE bajo (Mdn = 4.00, R = 6.00). En conclusión, las personas tienden a posicionarse en los niveles medios de la escala de MacArthur aun cuando su condición socioeconómica objetiva no refleja esa posición. Además, las mujeres con un NSE bajo tienden a posicionarse en niveles más altos en la escala de MacArthur que los varones con NSE bajo.
In recent decades, the interest from Social Psychology in the objective and subjective aspects of social class and its association with other psycho-sociological variables has grown. Thus, in this work we set out to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES), singular indicators of the SES (educational level and occupation), the level of family income and the subjective social status (SSS), and also to investigate the differences in the SSS according to gender, in a sample of 442 citizens from Greater Córdoba, Argentina from 18 to 64 years old (M = 38.61, DE = 14.23). The study design was cross-sectional, ex post facto retrospective. Descriptive, correlation and group comparison analysis were conducted. The results showed that, regardless of their SES, people perceived to have a medium SSS (79%). In addition, we find that the relationship between SES, family income level, educational level, occupation and SSS was statistically significant. According to the regression model, the level of family income was the only indicator related to SSS. Also, we found that women with a low SES (Mdn = 5.00, R = 6.00) perceived to have a higher SSS than men with a low SES (Mdn = 4.00, R = 6.00). In conclusion, people tend to position themselves in the middle levels of the MacArthur scale even when their objective socioeconomic status does not reflect that position. In addition, women with a low SES tend to position themselves at higher levels on the MacArthur scale than men with a low SES.
In recent decades, the interest from Social Psychology in the objective and subjective aspects of social class and its association with other psycho-sociological variables has grown. Thus, in this work we set out to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES), singular indicators of the SES (educational level and occupation), the level of family income and the subjective social status (SSS), and also to investigate the differences in the SSS according to gender, in a sample of 442 citizens from Greater Córdoba, Argentina from 18 to 64 years old (M = 38.61, DE = 14.23). The study design was cross-sectional, ex post facto retrospective. Descriptive, correlation and group comparison analysis were conducted. The results showed that, regardless of their SES, people perceived to have a medium SSS (79%). In addition, we find that the relationship between SES, family income level, educational level, occupation and SSS was statistically significant. According to the regression model, the level of family income was the only indicator related to SSS. Also, we found that women with a low SES (Mdn = 5.00, R = 6.00) perceived to have a higher SSS than men with a low SES (Mdn = 4.00, R = 6.00). In conclusion, people tend to position themselves in the middle levels of the MacArthur scale even when their objective socioeconomic status does not reflect that position. In addition, women with a low SES tend to position themselves at higher levels on the MacArthur scale than men with a low SES.
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