Contradicciones compartidas: vínculos entre Gabriela Mistral y Herminia Brumana. entre maternidad y emancipación femenina (1920 – 1945)
; Horan, Elizabeth Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Arboles y Rizomas
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0719-9805
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Nuestro artículo es el primero en analizar la amistad y la correspondencia intercambiada entre la educadora, escritora y diplomática chilena, Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957), y la escritora y educadora argentina, Herminia Brumana (1897-1954). Establecemos así los vínculos de Mistral con mujeres educadoras argentinas de las izquierdas, que trascendían claramente a la élite. Compartieron lazos de amistad con la chileno-argentina Marta Samatán y con la educadora argentina Marta Salotti. Tanto Mistral como Brumana abrazaron la causa de la emancipación femenina, a la vez que objetaron abiertamente el feminismo burgués. Para examinar sus posiciones –críticas y contradictorias- en relación a la femineidad hegemónica, analizamos tres momentos clave: la década de 1920, cuando Mistral escribía en el marco de los logros posteriores a la Revolución Mexicana, y Brumana escribía en Buenos Aires, en un contexto signado por los ecos renovadores de la reforma universitaria. Luego, la década de 1930, durante la guerra civil española; y por último, la década de 1940, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Veremos que tanto Mistral como Brumana asumen posiciones conservadoras sobre la maternidad como “instinto natural de las mujeres”, a la vez que discuten aspectos nodales de los roles de género y la moral sexual de la época.
Our article is the first to analyze the friendship and correspondence between Chilean educator, writer, and diplomat Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) and Argentine writer and educator Herminia Brumana (1897–1954). We thus establish Mistral's links with Argentine women educators of the left, who clearly transcended the elite. They shared bonds of friendship with the Chilean-Argentine Marta Samatán and the Argentine educator Marta Salotti. Both Mistral and Brumana embraced the cause of women's emancipation, while openly objecting to bourgeois feminism. To examine their critical and contradictory positions in relation to hegemonic femininity, we analyze three key moments: the 1920s, when Mistral was writing in the context of the achievements following the Mexican Revolution, and Brumana was writing in Buenos Aires, in a context marked by the renovating echoes of university reform. Then, the 1930s, during the Spanish Civil War; and finally, the 1940s, during World War II. We will see that both Mistral and Brumana take conservative positions on motherhood as a “natural instinct of women,” while discussing key aspects of gender roles and sexual morality of the time.
Our article is the first to analyze the friendship and correspondence between Chilean educator, writer, and diplomat Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) and Argentine writer and educator Herminia Brumana (1897–1954). We thus establish Mistral's links with Argentine women educators of the left, who clearly transcended the elite. They shared bonds of friendship with the Chilean-Argentine Marta Samatán and the Argentine educator Marta Salotti. Both Mistral and Brumana embraced the cause of women's emancipation, while openly objecting to bourgeois feminism. To examine their critical and contradictory positions in relation to hegemonic femininity, we analyze three key moments: the 1920s, when Mistral was writing in the context of the achievements following the Mexican Revolution, and Brumana was writing in Buenos Aires, in a context marked by the renovating echoes of university reform. Then, the 1930s, during the Spanish Civil War; and finally, the 1940s, during World War II. We will see that both Mistral and Brumana take conservative positions on motherhood as a “natural instinct of women,” while discussing key aspects of gender roles and sexual morality of the time.
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