Proteomic analysis of Trichoderma harzianum secretome and their role in the biosynthesis of zinc/iron oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Fungal green biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising eco-friendly method for mass-scaleproduction. In the present study Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were biogenically synthetized usinga cell filtrate of a strain of Trichoderma harzianum as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The structure,morphology and physicochemical properties of the NPs were characterized through transmissionelectron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, wide angle X-ray scattering and thermogravimetricanalysis. Since nanotechnology could offer promising applications in agricultural area, we evaluatedthe ability of the NPs to reduce the growth of important fungal phytopathogens as Alternariaalternata, Pyricularia oryzae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Silver and CuO NPs reduced significantlythe mycelial growth of A. alternata and P. oryzae in a dose dependent manner. This is the first reportof a multiple extracellular biosynthesis of NPs from T. harzianum and the first time that CuO and ZnONPs were obtained from this fungus. In addition, we highlighted the rapid production of NPs, as wellas, the potential of Ag and CuO for the control of phytopathogens. On the other hand, the three typesof NPs could be easily and sustainably produced on a large scale with the chance of having multipleapplications in biotechnological processes.