Minería prehispánica en el Noroeste argentino: Turquesas, martillos y yunques en la cuenca de Ratones, Puna de Salta
; Lopez, Gabriel Eduardo Jose 
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Fecha
06/2023
Editorial
Centro de Estudios Históricos
Revista
Comechingonia
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0326-7911
eISSN
2250-7728
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Español
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Resumen
Este trabajo presenta diversos indicadores de minería prehispánica en la cuenca de Ratones, Puna de Salta, Noroeste argentino, principalmente de época tardía preincaica e inca. Se estudia el registro relacionado con la explotación de turquesa en una fuente de este mineral ubicada en Inca Viejo. En este marco, se analizan conjuntos artefactuales mineros procedentes de esta fuente y de un enclave incaico denominado Abra de Minas, localizado en sus cercanías. Específicamente, se ha recuperado una alta frecuencia de fragmentos de turquesa y otros minerales de cobre en el sitio Cueva Inca Viejo, mina principal del área. También se registraron cuentas y preformas confeccionadas con turquesa. Asimismo, tanto en Inca Viejo como en Abra de Minas, se relevaron martillos y yunques de distintos tamaños usados como herramientas líticas para los trabajos extractivos y de procesamiento. Estos instrumentos representan una evidencia de importancia para el estudio de contextos mineros prehispánicos del Noroeste argentino. Al mismo tiempo, en asociación con estos contextos, se reconoce la presencia de otros indicadores vinculados con aspectos simbólico/rituales, principalmente a partir de la expansión del Tawantinsuyu en el área.
This work presents various indicators of pre-Hispanic mining in the Ratones basin, Puna of Salta, Northwestern Argentina, mainly from the late pre-Inca and Inca times. The record related to the exploitation of turquoise in a source of this mineral located in cerro Inca Viejo is studied, where there is a cave with numerous mining-ritual evidence. In this framework, artifactual sets linked to lapidary mining are analyzed, which come from this source and from an Inca enclave called Abra de Minas, located nearby. Specifically, in both sites, hammers and anvils of different sizes used as stone tools for extractive and processing work were found. These instruments represent important evidence for the study of pre-Hispanic mining contexts in Northwestern Argentina. Likewise, a high frequency of fragments of turquoise and other copper minerals and, to a lesser extent, beads and preforms have been recovered. The results allow us to point out the value that turquoise had for pre-Hispanic Andean societies and, in particular, for the Incas, given the high intensity and investment of mining work in the area.
This work presents various indicators of pre-Hispanic mining in the Ratones basin, Puna of Salta, Northwestern Argentina, mainly from the late pre-Inca and Inca times. The record related to the exploitation of turquoise in a source of this mineral located in cerro Inca Viejo is studied, where there is a cave with numerous mining-ritual evidence. In this framework, artifactual sets linked to lapidary mining are analyzed, which come from this source and from an Inca enclave called Abra de Minas, located nearby. Specifically, in both sites, hammers and anvils of different sizes used as stone tools for extractive and processing work were found. These instruments represent important evidence for the study of pre-Hispanic mining contexts in Northwestern Argentina. Likewise, a high frequency of fragments of turquoise and other copper minerals and, to a lesser extent, beads and preforms have been recovered. The results allow us to point out the value that turquoise had for pre-Hispanic Andean societies and, in particular, for the Incas, given the high intensity and investment of mining work in the area.
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